Axial Division - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 33
About This Presentation
Title:

Axial Division

Description:

spongy bone Proximal epiphysis compact bone Endosteum diaphysis epiphyseal line yellow marrow Sharpey s fibers Distal epiphysis hyaline cartilage periosteum – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:118
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 34
Provided by: MikeF170
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Axial Division


1
Anatomy of a Long Bone
spongy bone
Proximal epiphysis
compact bone
Endosteum
diaphysis
epiphyseal line
yellow marrow
Sharpeys fibers
Distal epiphysis
hyaline cartilage
periosteum
2
Microscopic Bone Anatomy
3
Axial Division
4
Appendicular Skeleton
  • The Appendicular Division consists of 126 bones
    making up the appendages and girdles that connect
    appendages to the body. The pectoral girdle
    consists of the clavicle and scapula. The pelvic
    girdle is formed by the two coxal bones which are
    fused anteriorly.

5
Cranium Bones
6
Temporal Bone Markings
7
Occipital Bone
8
Sphenoid Bone
  • The feature called the "temple" is actually a
    wing of the Sphenoid bone
  • e. Sphenoid Bone butterfly shaped bone that
    spans the width of the skull and forms the floor
    of the cranial cavity. Contains a small
    depression called the sella turcica (Turks
    saddle) which holds the pituitary gland in place

Posterior view
9
Ethmoid Bone
  • f. Ethmoid Bone forms the roof of the nasal
    cavity and medial walls of the orbits

10
Review of Cranial bones and Markings
11
Facial Bones
12
Facial Bones
13
Hyoid Bone
  • 3. Hyoid Bone the only bone of the body that
    does not articulate directly with another bone,
    suspended in the midneck region above the larynx
    where ligaments anchor it to the styloid
    processes of the temporal bone. Serves as a
    movable base for the tongue and attachment for
    neck muscles.

14
Fetal Skull
  • 4. Fetal Skull bones of the fetal skull are
    not fused but contain fibrous membranes called
    fontanels, soft spots that connect the cranial
    bones. They allow room for the brain to grow and
    allow the fetal skull to be compressed during
    child birth. Anterior fontanel, posterior
    fontanel, sphenoid fontanel, mastoid fontanel

15
Vertebral Column
16
Cervical Vertebrae
  • Cervical Vertebrae 7, the first two are called
    the atlas and axis they allow you to rotate your
    head from side to side

17
Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
  • 2. Thoracic Vertebrae - 12, larger than the
    cervical vertebrae
  • 3. Lumbar Vertebrae 5, largest and sturdiest of
    the vertebrae

Lumbar
1-Vertebral Body 2-Spinous Process 3-Transverse
Facet 4-Pedicle 5-Foramen 6-Lamina 7-Superior
Facet
18
Inferior Vertebral Column
  • 4. Sacrum - fuses with the coccyx inferiorly
  • 5. Coccyx - considered the human tailbone

19
Bony Thorax
20
APPENDICULAR SKELETON (pp. 138-145)
  • A. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle, also called the
    Pectoral Girdle (p. 138)
  • 1. Clavical (Collarbones) attaches to the
    manubrium of the sternum medially and the scapula
    laterally
  • 2. Scapulae (Shoulder Blades) also called
    wings due to flaring when we move our arms
    posteriorl
  • Important Bone markings
  • Acromion enlarged end of the spine
  • Coracoid process connects with the clavicle
    laterally at the acromioclavicular joint
  • Glenoid cavity a shallow socket that receives
    the head of the humerus (arm bone)

21
Bones of the Upper Limb
  • 1. Arm
  • A. Humerus
  • B. Important Bone Markings
  • Greater and lesser tubercles sites of muscle
    attachments near the head of the humerus
  • Deltoid Tuberosity a roughened area of the
    shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches
  • Trochlea medial distal end that looks like a
    spool
  • Capitulum lateral distal end, looks like a
    ball
  • Coronoid Fossa depression above the trochlea
  • Olecranon Fossa- posterior distal surface these
    two fossas allow the ulna to move freely when
    the elbow is bent and extended

22
Forearm Bones
  • Forearm
  • Radius the lateral bone
    Important Markings Radial tuberosity - just
    below the head, where the biceps tendon
    attaches
  • Ulna - the medial bone Coronoid process- on
    proximal end Olecranon process on proximal end
    (forms the elbow by articulating into the
    olecranon fossa on the humerus
  • Trochlear Notch groove that separates the
    coronoid and olecranon processes
  • Interosseous Membrane- the membrane that connects
    the radius and ulna along its length

23
Hand
  • 3. Hand
  • A. Carpals wrist bones, the most commonly
    fractured when falling on an outstretched hand is
    the scaphoid bone ( sits on thumbside)
  • B. Metacarpals articulate with carpals and
    phalanges
  • C. Phalanges finger bones

24
(No Transcript)
25
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
  • Bones of the Pelvic Girdle (pp. 141-143) formed
    by the two coxal bones
  • Coxal Bones (Hip Bones) Formed by the fusion of
    three bones
  • Ilium connects with the sacrum at the
    sacroiliac joint, large flaring bone that forms
    most of the hip bone. Iliac crest- upper edge

26
Ischium
  • Ischium the sitdown bone, it is most
    inferior
  • Ischial tuberosity - part youre sitting on
  • Ischial spine - superior to the tuberosity,
    narrows the outlet of the pelvis Greater
    Sciatic notch allows blood vessels and the
    large sciatic nerve to pass through

27
Pubis Bone
  • Pubis most anterior Obturator Foramen
    opening which allows blood vessels and nerve to
    pass through to the thigh Pubic Symphysis
    where the two pubic bones fuse anteriorly to form
    a cartilaginous joint
  • Acetabulum where the ilium, ischium, and pubis
    fuse, receives the head of the femur

28
Lower Limb Bones
  • Bones of the Lower Limbs (pp. 143-145)
  • Thigh
  • Femur heaviest, strongest bone in the
    body Greater and lesser trochanters blunt
    processes at the proximal end that are sites of
    muscle attachments Medial and Lateral condyles
    at distal end where the femur articulates with
    the tibia

29
Lower Leg Bones
  • Leg
  • Tibia shinbone, medial weight-bearing bone of
    lower leg Tibial Tuberosity proximal end of
    tibia where patellar ligaments and tendon
    attach Medial malleolus distal inner bulge
    of the ankle
  • Fibula stick-like lateral bone of lower leg,
    joins with the tibia proximally and
    distally Lateral malleolus distal fibula
    that forms the outer part of the ankle

30
Foot Bones
  • Foot
  • Tarsals 7 bones cuneiform bones (medial,
    intermediate, lateral) cuboid, navicular, talus,
    calcaneus
  • Metatarsals form the sole
  • Phalanges - toes

31
Helpful Websites for Studying
  • http//www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skull/ant
    skul.htm
  • http//www.getbodysmart.com/index.htm
  • http//www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skel
    eton/menu/animation.html

32
Q of Week Can people grow extra bones?
  • Acromegaly- a disease associated with excessive
    bone growth
  • Paget's Disease
  • Melorheostosis-rare and progressive disorder that
    involves hyperostosis or thickening of cortical
    bone
  • multiple hereditary exostosis causes excess bones
    to grow in the body

33
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com