Diseases of sugar beet

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Diseases of sugar beet
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DISORDERS AND INJURIES

• HERBICIDE INJURY

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DISORDERS AND INJURIES

• HERBICIDE INJURY

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DISORDERS AND INJURIES

• BORON DEFICIENCY

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DISORDERS AND INJURIES

• BORON DEFICIENCY

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DISORDERS AND INJURIES

• BORON DEFICIENCY

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DISORDERS AND INJURIES

• BORON
• DEFICIENCY

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DISORDERS AND INJURIES

• BORON DEFICIENCY

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VIRUS DISEASES

• VIRUS YELLOWS
• (BEET YELLOWS VIRUS,
• BEET MILD YELLOWING VIRUS)
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• VIRUS YELLOWS
• (BEET YELLOWS VIRUS,
• BEET MILD YELLOWING VIRUS)
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• VIRUS YELLOWS
• (BEET YELLOWS VIRUS,
• BEET MILD YELLOWING VIRUS)
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• VIRUS YELLOWS
• (BEET YELLOWS VIRUS,
• BEET MILD YELLOWING VIRUS)
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• VIRUS YELLOWS
• (BEET YELLOWS VIRUS,
• BEET MILD YELLOWING VIRUS)
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• VIRUS YELLOWS
• TRANSMISSION
• BYV PEACH GREEN APHID, BEAN APHID
  SEMIPERSISTENT
• BMYV PEACH GREEN APHID - PERSISTENT

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VIRUS DISEASES

• VIRUS YELLOWS
• CONTROL
• FORECAST
• EARLY SOWING
• GAPLESS STAND
• VECTOR CONTROL

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VIRUS DISEASES

• MOSAIC
• (BEET MOSAIC VIRUS)

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• (BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS
• SYMPTOMS

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VIRUS DISEASES

• BNYVV transmission by P. betae

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VIRUS DISEASES

• Requirements of P. betae
• temperature (15 C)
• humidity
• host
• soil reaction

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• IMPORTANCE
• YIELD LOSSES 50 AND MORE
• SUGAR CONTENT DECREASING (SEVERAL )
• QUALITY DECREASING
• WHITE SUGAR LOSSES 50 70

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• SPREADING
• ANY TRANSPORT OF SOIL PARTICLES
• WATER AND WIND EROSION
• HARVEST (SUGAR BEET AND OTHERS)
• SOIL PREPARATION

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• SPREADING
• ANY SOIL PARTICLE MOVEMENT

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VIRÓZY

• RIZOMÁNIE
• VÝSKYT

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VIRUS DISEASES

• CONDITIONS OF P. betae (AND BNYVV) SPREADING
• CONCENTRATION OF SUGAR BEET CULTIVATION, FREQUENT
  RETURN
• DECREASING OF NUMBER OF SUGAR FACTORIES
  INCREASING OF TRANSPORT DISTANCIES

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA
• OCHRANA
• QUARANTINE
• CROP ROTATION
• EARLY SOWING
• SOIL STRUCTURE
• RESISTANT VARIETIES

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VIRUS DISEASES

• RHIZOMANIA resistant varieties
• GOOD PERFORMANCE - REFINADE
• 2001 1. Bronkos 4 OTHERS AMONG TOP 10
• 2002 1. Takt 5 OTHERS AMONG TOP 10
• 2003 2. Riposte 6 OTHERS AMONG TOP 10
• Easy variety choice by farmer

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BACTERIAL DISEASES

• CROWN GALL
• (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)

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BACTERIAL DISEASES

• SCAB
• (Streptomyces scabies)

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MYCOSES

• BLACK LEG
• (PYTHIUM, FUSARIUM, RHIZOCTONIA, APHANOMYCES)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• BLACK LEG
• (PYTHIUM, FUSARIUM, RHIZOCTONIA, APHANOMYCES)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• BLACK LEG
• CONTROL
• STRUCTURE AND pH OF THE SOIL
• CROP ROTATION
• FERTILIZATION (P)
• SOIL CRUST REMOVING
• SEED TREATMENT

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• VÝZNAM
• YIELD DECREASING
• QUALITY DECREASING
• NOT GOOD FOR LONG TERM STORAGE (HIGHER LOSSES)

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• CONDITIONS
• HIGHER TEMPERATURES (25 C)
• RAIFALLS OR IRRIGATION

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• SOURCE OF INFECTION
• CROP DEBRIS

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• CONTROL
• CROP ROTATION
• REZISTANT VARIETIES
• CHEMICAL CONTROL (JULY, BEG. OF AUGUST)

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MYCOSES

• Chemical control
• Treated area in CR
• 80 hundreds of ha
• - 9992 ha
• - 15322 ha
• - 21505 ha
• - 32908 ha
• - 81757 ha
• - 98206 ha (Northern Moravia 1,5 x)

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• IPS model
• 1. treatment before 15. 8. 5 of infected
• plants
• 15. 31. 8. 45 of
  infected
• plants (harvest after 1.
  10.)
• 2. teratment 1. 31. 8. 45 of infected
• plants

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• (CERCOSPORA BETICOLA)
• Rentability of treatment depends on
• locality (humid closed localities)
• variety (rezistant x susceptible)
• term of treatment (in time!) and external
  conditions (infection pressure)
• presence of other pathogens
• yield potential and realization price of product
• term of harvest

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MYCOSES

• CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT
• Utilization of resistant varieties in CR
• 2002 2
• 2003 27
• Disadvantage rel. lower yield without infection
  
• 2001 6. Takt
• 2002 (high infection pressure)
• 1. Takt, 2. Compass, 3. Compact, 5. Rosita
• 2003 1. Monza, 3. Merak, 4. Compact

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MYCOSES

• ROOT ROTS (FIELD)
• (PYTHIUM, FUSARIUM, RHIZOCTONIA, APHANOMYCES)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• ROOT ROTS (FIELD)
• (PYTHIUM, FUSARIUM, RHIZOCTONIA, APHANOMYCES)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• ROOT ROTS (FIELD)
• (PYTHIUM, FUSARIUM, RHIZOCTONIA, APHANOMYCES)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• ROOT ROTS (FIELD)
• (PYTHIUM, FUSARIUM, RHIZOCTONIA, APHANOMYCES)
• SYMPTOMS

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MYCOSES

• ROOT ROTS POSSIBLE CAUSES
• NARROW RANGE OF CROPS IN CROP ROTATION
• INCREASING OF HOST RATIO IN CROP ROTATION (MAIZE
  FOR GRAIN)
• FREQUENT RETURN OF SUGAR BEET
• ABSENCE OF ORGANIC MATTER
• STRAW PLOUGHING IN (HIGH RATIO C/N) nitrogen
  retrogradation

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MYCOSES

• ROOT ROTS (FIELD)
• (RHIZOCTONIA)
• CONDITIONS
• HEAVIER SOILS, SOIL CRUST
• MAIZE AS A PREVIOUS CROP
• HIGHER RAINFALLS OR IRRIGATION

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MYCOSES

• ROOT ROTS (FIELD)
• (RHIZOCTONIA)
• CONTROL
• PROLONGATION OF RETURN CYCLE OF SUGAR BEET AND
  OTHER HOSTS TO THE FIELD
• CHOICE OF PREVIOUS CROP
• INTERCROPPING
• STRAW INCORPORATION?
• HARMONIC NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
• SOIL STRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT
• RESISTANT VARIETIES? (Solea)

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MYCOSES

• POWDERY MILDEW
• (ERYSIPHE BETAE, CICHORACEUM)

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MYCOSES

• PHOMA LEAF SPOT
• (PHOMA BETAE)

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MYCOSES

• RUST
• (Uromyces betae)

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MYCOSES

• DOWNY MILDEW
• (PERONOSPORA PARASITICA)

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MYCOSES

• FUSARIUM, VERTICILLIUM

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MYCOSES

• CLAMP ROTS
• (PYTHIUM, FUSARIUM, RHIZOCTONIA, APHANOMYCES,
  PENICILLIUM, BOTRYTIS, MUCOR, RHIZOPUS AJ.)