CASUALTY

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CASUALTY EVACUATION OPERATIONS
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PURPOSE

• The purpose of this briefing is to
• provide an overview of casualty
• evacuation procedures and to
• provide you the information
• necessary to set up a SOP for
• casualty evacuation procedures at
• your respective sites

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TASK Conduct cas-evac operations CONDITIONS In
a field environment, given an injured soldier, a
radio, a combat lifesaver bag, and the desire to
save their buddys life. STANDARDS Soldiers must
demonstrate a general knowledge of cas-evac
operations, properly format and submit a med-evac
request utilizing the nine line format.
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REFERENCES

• FM 8-10-4, Medical Platoon Leaders Handbook
  (TTPs)
• FM 7-20, The Infantry Battalion
• CTC Trends, JRTC, Nov 97, No. 97-19
• CALL Newsletter, Jul 99, No. 99-6
• CMTC Trends Compendium Apr 98
• FM 21-11, First Aid for Soldiers

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AGENDA

• REDUCING COMBAT DEATHS
• CHS LIFESAVING MEASURES
• IMPORTANCE OF THE CLS
• PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
• MEDICAL TREATMENT FACILITIES
• TRANSPORTATION OF CASUALTIES
• CATEGORIES OF PRECEDENCE
• THE MEDEVAC REQUEST

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REDUCING COMBAT DEATHS

• Majority of combat deaths occur on
• The battlefield before evacuation
• Takes place
• 80 of combat deaths occur within
• First hour after initial injury
• 50 of combat deaths are a result
• of the soldier bleeding to death
• Of these 50 of combat deaths, 40
• could have lived had the bleeding
• been stopped

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CHS LIFESAVING MEASURES

• SELF-AID
• BUDDY AID
• COMBAT LIFESAVER
• COMBAT MEDIC
• TREATMENT SQUAD

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WHAT IS A COMBAT LIFESAVER?

• A MEMBER OF THE
• SQUAD OR CREW
• TRAINED, EVALUATED
• CERTIFIED IN MEDICAL SKILLS
• EXPERTISE BEYOND BASIC
• FIRST AID

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COMBAT LIFESAVERS ROLE

• ADDITIONAL LIFESAVING EXPERTISE
• AT THE SQUAD/CREW LEVEL
• EXTENSION OF THE PLATOON MEDIC
• USES SKILLS EQUIPMENT CONSISTENT
• WITH HIS SECONDARY MISSION
• PRIMARY MOS IS FIRST RESPONSIBILITY

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Basic Planning Considerations

• Medical Evacuation
• Medical Treatment Facilities

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Planning Medical Evacuation

• Medical evacuation requirements and units
  available are listed to include their locations,
  missions, and attachments.
• Location of casualty collecting points and
  ambulance exchange points are placed on overlays.
• Identify routes, means and schedules (if any) of
  evacuation and responsibilities.
• Evacuation request procedures and channels.

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Medical Treatment Facilities

• Medical treatment facilities (aid stations,
  hospitals).
• Locations and missions of appropriate medical
  treatment facilities.

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EXECUTION Casualty evacuation is a team effort.
The primary duty of a combat lifesaver is the
mission. Treatment of casualties is secondary.
Appropriate ground and air evacuation techniques
should be used based on METT-T and on patient
categories of precedence (URGENT, PRIORITY, and
ROUTINE). COMMUNICATIONS Redundant
communications are important to timely casualty
evacuation. SAFETY Leaders must retain common
sense and attention to safety considerations
despite their concern for casualties.
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Transportation of Casualties

• When the situation is urgent you may have to
  transport the casualty. For this reason, you must
  know how to transport him without increasing the
  seriousness of his condition.
• Transporting a casualty by litter is safer and
  more comfortable for him than by manual means it
  is also easier for you.
• Manual transportation, however, may be the only
  feasible method because of the terrain or the
  combat situation.

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Standard Evacuation Types
UH-60A/Q Ambulance
An M113 series Armored Ambulance can carry 4
litters
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UH-60Q Interior
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Non-Standard Evacuation Types
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Casualty Evacuation TTPs

• USE SPECIALIZED
• EQUIPMENT
• POLELESS LITTER
• SKED LITTER
• DESIGNATE AND TRAIN
• AID AND LITTER TMS

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• The rapidly employable lightweight litter,
  referred to as the SKEDS litter, is designed to
  be used as a rescue system in most types of
  terrain, including mountains, jungle, waterborne,
  and on snow or ice.

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Manual Carries One-man carries Two-man carries
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Manual Carries (One Man)

• Firemans Carry
• Support Carry
• Arms Carry
• Pistol-belt Carry and Drag
• Neck Drag

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TWO-MAN SUPPORT CARRY
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TWO-MAN SUPPORT CARRY (cont)
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Manual Carries (two man)

• Two man support carry
• Two man arms carry
• Two man fore-and-aft carry
• Two hand seat carry

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CATEGORIES OF PRECEDENCE FOR EVACUATION
URGENT-PATIENT WHO SHOULD BE EVACUATED AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE AND WITHIN TWO HOURS TO SAVE LIFE, LIMB,
OR EYESIGHT. PRIORITY-PATIENT WHO SHOULD BE MOVED
WITHIN FOUR HOURS OR HIS/HER CONDITION WILL
DETERIORATE TO SUCH A DEGREE THAT HE WILL BECOME
URGENT. ROUTINE-PERSONNEL WHOSE CONDITION IS NOT
EXPECTED TO WORSEN SIGNIFICANTLY AND WHO WILL
REQUIRE EVACUATION IN THE NEXT 24 HOURS.
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MEDEVAC REQUEST FORMAT
LINE ITEM/BREVITY CODES 1 Location of pickup
site 2 Frequency/Call sign of pickup
site 3 Number of patients by precedence A -
URGENT C - PRIORITY D - ROUTINE 4 Special
equipment A - NONE B - HOIST C - EXTRACTION
EQUIPMENT D - VENTILATOR 5 Number of patients by
type L LITTER A AMBULATORY 6 Security
of pickup site N - NO ENEMY P - POSSIBLE ENEMY E
- ENEMY IN AREA X - ARMED ESCORT NEEDED
7 Method of marking pickup site A - PANELS B -
PYROTECHNICS C - SMOKE D - NONE E -
OTHER 8 Patient nationality and status A - US
MILITARY B - US CIVILIAN C - NON US MILITARY D -
NON US CIVILIAN E - EPW 9 NBC contamination N -
NUCLEAR B - BIOLOGICAL C CHEMICAL
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LINE 1

• LOCATION OF THE
• PICKUP SITE

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RADIO FREQUENCY/CALL SIGNAND SUFFIX
LINE 2
SOI and ANCD
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NUMBER OF PATIENTS BY PRECEDENCE
LINE 3

• BREVITY CODES
• A- URGENT
• C -PRIORITY
• D -ROUTINE

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SPECIAL EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
LINE 4

• BREVITY CODES
• A NONE
• B HOIST
• C EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT
• D VENTILATOR

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NUMBER OF PATIENTS BY TYPE
LINE 5

• BREVITY CODES
• L Patients Litter
• A Patients Ambulatory

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SECURITY OF PICKUP SITE (WARTIME)
LINE 6

• BREVITY CODES
• N NO ENEMY
• P POSSIBLE ENEMY TROOPS IN AREA
  (APPROACH WITH CAUTION)
• E ENEMY TROOPS IN AREA (APPROACH WITH
  CAUTION)
• X ENEMY TROOPS IN AREA
• (ARMED ESCORT REQUIRED)

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NUMBER AND TYPE OF WOUND, INJURY, OR ILLNESS
(PEACETIME)
LINE 6

• GIVE SPECIFIC INFORMATION, GUNSHOT WOUND,
  BLEEDING AND BLOOD TYPE IF KNOWN

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LINE 7METHOD OF MARKING PICKUP SITE

• BREVITY CODE
• A PANELS
• B PYROTECHNIC SIGNAL
• C SMOKE SIGNAL
• D NONE
• E OTHER

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LINE 8PATIENT NATIONALITY AND STATUS

• ENCRYPT BREVITY CODE
• A US MILITARY
• B US CIVILIAN
• C NON-US MILITARY
• D NON-US CIVILIAN
• E EPW (Detainee)

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LINE 9NBC CONTAMINATION(Wartime)

• ENCRYPT BREVITY CODE
• N NUCLEAR
• B BIOLOGICAL
• C CHEMICAL

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LINE 9 TERRAIN DESCRIPTION (PEACETIME)

• INCLUDE DETAILS OF TERRAIN FEATURES IN AND
  AROUND PROPOSED LANDING SITE

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Example
Badger03 this is Badger76 MEDEVAC 9 line
followsover This is Badger03 send it
over line 1-- UV 8945 4452 line 2-- 30300 in
the red, badger76 line 3-- 1C line 4-- A line
5-- 1A line 6-- N line 6-- 1, broken ankle
compound fracture (peacetime) line 7-- C line
8--A line 9-- NONE line 9-- Open field no power
lines.(peacetime) Over This is Badger03 roger
out
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SUMMARY

• REDUCING COMBAT DEATHS
• CHS LIFESAVING MEASURES
• IMPORTANCE OF THE CLS
• PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
• MEDICAL TREATMENT FACILITIES
• TRANSPORTATION OF CASUALTIES
• CATEGORIES OF PRECEDENCE
• THE MEDEVAC REQUEST

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