Natural hazards and their impacts: geo-hazards and atmospheric hazards

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Natural hazards and their impacts geo-hazards
and atmospheric hazards
KGA171 The Global Geography of Change Presented
by Associate Professor Elaine Stratford Semester 1
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Vulnerability

• L vulnerare to wound capable of being wounded
  open to attack or damage assailable
• Geographical imagination
• Emotional geographies

Peter Monamy, Loss of HMS 'Victory', 4 October
1744
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Looking back, looking forward

• Part 1

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Revising Lecture 5.3

1. Name and explain Wirths categories of the urban.
2. Describe Mumfords understanding of the
   relationship between spaces and people.
3. What are six elements of city life that are seen
   as positive? Are these exclusive to the urban?
4. Describe and exemplify the dynamic relationship
   between urbanization and industrialization.
5. What did Ebenezer Howard mean by the town and
   country magnet?
6. What is a slum? How is the existence of slums a
   geographical problem?
7. Describe and explain the spatial patterns for (a)
   urban population as a percentage of total
   population and (b) average annual urban growth
   rate.
8. Name and explain the salience of six
   characteristics of world or global cities.
9. Does the prevalence of small cities mean that
   sustainable development is more likely than if we
   all lived in mega-cities? Justify your answer.
10. Summarize the main objectives of Chapter 7 of
    Agenda 21.
11. What does William McDonough have to say about
    biological and technical nutrients and how might
    these relate to sustainable development in urban
    spaces?

A Woman Thinking
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Learning Objectives

• Module 6 Lecture 1

• KGA171

• be able to
• explain why vulnerability is a key emotional
  geography among human beings, especially in the
  face of natural hazards
• name, describe and exemplify a range of natural
  hazards
• name, describe and explain a range of management
  responses to hazards

• demonstrate knowledge of geographical concepts,
  earth and social systems and spatial patterns of
  change
• create and interpret basic maps, graphs and field
  data
• identify and analyse different viewpoints to
  contribute to debates about global development
• communicate in reflective and academic writing,
  referencing literature when needed

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Textbook Reading

• Burton, I. Kates, R.W. (1964) The perception of
  natural hazards in resource management, Natural
  Resources Journal 3(3) pp.412-441.
• Cutter, S.L. Finch, C. (2008) Temporal and
  spatial changes in social vulnerability to
  natural hazards, Proceedings of the National
  Academy of Sciences 105(7) pp.2301-6.
• Critical reading
• What is the authors purpose?
• What key questions or problems does the author
  raise?
• What information, data and evidence does the
  author present?
• What key concepts does the author use to organize
  this information, this evidence?
• What key conclusions is the author coming to? Are
  those conclusions justified?
• What are the authors primary assumptions?
• What viewpoints is the author writing from?
• What are the implications of the authors
  reasoning?
• from Foundation for Critical Thinking

Old Woman Reading a Lectionary, Gerard Dou
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Types of geo-hazards

• Part 2

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Geo-hazards in specific environments

• Fluvial environments erosion, sediment
  accumulation
• Coastal environments storm surges, sea-level
  rise, inundation, erosion
• Aeolian environments wind erosion, dust storms,
  desertification
• Periglacial environments avalanches,
  thermokarst
• Glacial environments glacier outburst floods,
  surges
• Karst environments sinkhole flooding, hidden
  cover collapse

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Land instability
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Tsunamis
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Wind erosion
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Permafrost
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Effects of volcanic activity
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Land subsidencedue to groundwater pumping
Broadscale subsidence
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Karstic sinkholes
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Atmospheric hazards

• Part 3

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Atmospheric hazards
Areally-extensive storm activity Tropical cyclones Extra-tropical cyclones Storm surges Localised strong winds Tornadoes Dust storms Other localised winds Lacustrine storms (lakes) Wind and waves Ocean hazards Waves Sea ice Coastal erosion Sea level rise Droughts Short term impacts Longer term impacts Precipitation-induced floods Flash floods Large regional floods Changes caused by floods Other precipitation hazards Thunderstorms and lightning Hail Snowstorms Blizzards Freezing rain Fires and vegetation Bushfires
Source Bryant E.A. 1991 Natural Hazards.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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Interactions are complex
Source Bryant, E. (1991) Natural Hazards.
Cambridge Cambridge University Press
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Storm surges
Storm surge, attributed to Hurricane Eloise
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Strong winds
Darwin, Australia after Cyclone Tracy
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Flooding
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Electrical storms
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Winter storms
http//www.kidsgeo.com/images/freezing-rain.jpg
http//www.ffme.fr/ski-alpinisme/nivologie/photava
l/photaval.htm
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Dust storms
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Drought
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Bushfire
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Hazard management(aka managing peoples
responses)

• Part 4

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Hazard management strategies
Mount Fuji predictive ash-fall map
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Hazard response
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Responses to hazards
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Human behaviour when disaster strikes
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Event phase
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The aftermath phase
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Resettlement after disaster