Tanks, Drums, and Vessels

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Tanks, Drums, and Vessels

• Unit 9

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Learning Objectives

• TLW be able to describe the following about
  tanks, drums, and vessels used in the process
  industry
• Types
• Uses
• Materials of Construction
• Monitoring and Maintenance
• Hazards and Mitigations

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Types

• Tanks
• Drums
• Vessels
• Reactors
• Distillation columns

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Tanks, Drums, and Vessels

• Used for Storing
• Inputs (Raw Materials)
• Outputs (Products, Co-Products, Intermediates)
• Waste
• Recoverable waste

• Two types of Storage Tanks
• Atmospheric
• Pressurized

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Materials of Construction

• Tanks and vessels are usually always made of
  metal.
• Thickness increases as does pressure
• Special alloys for corrosives
• Drums
• Metal
• Plastic for corrosives, additives
• Cardboard - additives
• DOT specs

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Terms for Tanks, Drums, and Vessels

• Floating Roof
• Sphere
• Foam Chamber
• Sump (Possum Belly)
• Mixer
• Gauge Hatch
• Manway or Manhole

• Blanket
• Vapor Recovery
• Vortex Breaker
• Baffle
• Weir
• Boot

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Vessels and Pressure

• Cylinders or drum shaped generally atmospheric
  tanks
• High volatility materials stored in pressurized
  tanks
• Round tanks (sphere) - pressure
• Bullet and spherical tanks - pressure
• Hemispheroids low pressure
• Spheroids low pressure

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Cone roof tank
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Floating roof tank
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Vortex Breaker
Foam system
Manway
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Nitrogen blanket
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Tank Symbols
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Hazards

• Overfilling
• Putting in wrong or off spec material
• Misalignment of blanket system
• Misalignment of pump system
• Pulling a vacuum while emptying a tank
• Overpressuring a tank
• Static electricity (dust or vapor explosion)
• Corrosion or mechanical damage

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Hazards

• Describe potential impacts of these hazards on
  last
• Individual
• Equipment
• Production (Quality)
• Environment

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Reactors

• Where Chemical Reactions Occur
• Fixed Bed
• Stirred
• Fluidized bed reactor
• Shell and Tube

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Fixed Bed Reactor
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Fixed bed reactor
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Stirred Reactor
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Fluidized Bed Reactor
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Fluidized-Bed Reactor
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Shell and Tube
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Dikes, Firewalls and Containment Walls

• Contain materials
• Isolate
• Minimize damage
• Protect people, assets, and environment

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Tank Dikes
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Monitoring and Maintenance

• Abnormal noise pinging/popping
• Abnormal heat
• Monitor levels and pressures
• Vibrations pumps/mixers
• Check firewalls, sumps and drains, drain valves
  on dikes - rainfall
• Odors/leaks
• Corrosion checks, paint

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Independent Practice

• Research project see handout