The Middle Ages (476-1300)

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The Middle Ages(476-1300)

• What is so different about Europe?

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Do Now Review Post-476

• What happened to Western Europe after the fall
  of Rome?
• 2. What happened to the eastern portion of the
  Roman Empire?
• 3. What was going on in the Middle East shortly
  after Rome fell?

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PostFall of Rome (476 A.D.)

• 1. W. Europe is isolated Dark Ages begin
• Germanic invasions divided into small Christian
  kingdoms (400-700)
• No centralized government
• 2. Byzantine Empire
• Eastern Orthodox Christianity
• Age of Justinian Golden Age
• 3. Islam emerges (Arabia, 7th C)
• New religion empire Golden Age
• Armies in Africa, Europe Asia

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Task

• You are living in Western Europe after 476 A.D.,
  how would you find protection?
• How would you find safety/order when no
  government exists?
• Create a list of ideas.

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1. Why did the man visit the Godfather?2. What
was the result of their visit?
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In order to attain order in Europe post-fall of
Rome (476) FEUDALISM developed.

• A political/social system where land is
  exchanged for loyalty.

And we will provide you with support and
soldiers
I will give you land (manor) to rule and govern
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Feudalism
L O Y A L T Y
L A N D
Do Now 1. Explain this system?
LORDS/Nobles
2. Why was this system created?
SERFS
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Task

• You are living in Western Europe after 476 A.D.,
  what would you look for in a ruler?
  (characteristics, traits, qualities, beliefs)
• What advice would you give him/her about the
  state condition of Western Eastern Europe?
• What changes would you want him/her to pursue?
  Why?

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Why was feudalism brought to Western Europe?

• Need for security and stability!
• No centralized government (post-fall of Rome!)
• European Invasions!

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What ideal is the cartoon portraying?
CHIVALRY!
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Why did the Church have so much power?

• 1. Controls Spiritual life
• Decides who gets sacraments (controls salvation)
• Refusal to obey Church law punished by
  excommunication
• Banned from the Church
• Cannot obtain sacracments, cannot obtain
  salvation
• Penalty of interdict faced by nobles exclusion
  of an entire town from receiving sacraments!
• -Leaders give into Church pressure!
• 2. Controls Secular life
• Pope (head of RCC) has power over secular rulers
• Added order stability to Europe
• Tithe tax (1/10th of income) required ALL
  Christians to pay
• Religion linked to social life church becomes
  social center
• Cathedral schools, lead to universities

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Evidence of ____________Power Medieval
________________

• Romanesque (early ma)

Gothic (late ma)
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St. Filibert, France 10th Century
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German Cathedral (8th 11th)
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Romanesque Floor Plan
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5th C 12th C
GOTHIC CATHEDRALS
CATHEDRAL AT REIMS
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Flying Buttress
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St. Etienne, Bourges, 12th Century
FLYING BUTTRESSES
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Do Now Why was the Church so powerful during
the MA?
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Roman Catholic Church Persecution

• ANTISEMITISM
• Prejudice against Jews
• How were the Jews persecuted?
• Why were they persecuted?

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Reflection

1. How and Why were the Jews persecuted?
2. What is your reaction to this persecution?
   Explain.

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The Age of Charlemagne (768-814) Charles the
Great

• Western Europe enjoys period of Christian unity
• Successful conqueror
• Pope proclaims Charlemagne emperor (800)
• Widens the divide between Eastern Western
  Europe

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Charlemagne The Empire
France, Germany, parts of Italy and Spain
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European Invasions

• Vikings destroy unity of Charlemagnes empire
• Scandinavian Norway, Sweden, Denmark
• Warriors, traders, explorers

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Do Now

• 1. Western Europe
• 2. Middle East
• 3. Eastern Europe
• During the early Middle Ages, what do you think
  relationships were like between these THREE parts
  of the world? How do you know?

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Do Now How can government convince people to
join the army?
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Task

• Your task is to create a propaganda poster that
  aims to recruit soldiers to join the Crusades.
• Ideas MUST pertain to Pope Urbans speech
• Your poster MUST be set in the Middle Ages
• The information must focus on the values of
  Medieval Europe.
• Your grade is based on the following
• 1. Effectiveness/Allure 3 points
• a. Includes HEADLINE IMAGE
• 2. Accuracy 2 points (of historical
  information)

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THE CRUSADESa series of wars fought between the
Christian and Muslim world for the holy land
Deus lo volt! God wills it!
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The First Crusade

• Council of Clermont (1095) Pope Urban II calls
  for a crusade to free Holy Land from Turk
  invaders.
• Christians capture Jerusalem (1099)
• Massacre Muslim/Jewish residents.
• More crusades launched
• Muslims are victorious

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Do Now

• Questions
• What was the goal of the Crusades?
• 2. Who was Pope Urban?
• 3. Why would people want to fight in the
  Crusades?
• 4. Who fought in the Crusades?

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Do Now

• Questions
• Who won the Crusades? Why?
• 2. How was Europe affected by the Crusades?

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Saladin

• Muslim leader
• Conquers Jerusalem in 1187
• By 1291, Muslims conquer last Christian territory
  (entire Holy Land)
• Massacre Christians

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Map of the Crusades
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The Greatest Failure in History
Impact of the Crusades

• 1. Cultural Diffusion Euro contact Eastern
  cultures
• - Muslim/Byzantine goods ideas
• 2. Revival of learning
• Greek/Roman (Byzantines) Muslim advances
• 3. Increased demand led to increased trade
• New markets
• New wealth
• Rise of a middle class (bourgeoisie)
• Growth of new cities

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High Middle Ages The Black Death

• 1. Who (was affected)
• 2. What (happened)
• 3. Where (did this happen)
• 4. When (did this happen)
• 5. Why (did this happen)
• 6. How (did this happen)

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The High Middle Ages How did life change?(use
Guided Reading to help)

• Agricultural production/Population increase
• Rise of trade
• - wealth, new goods
• Rise of cities
• Rise of a business economy
• Rise of a middle class
• Decline of feudalism
• Power of Kings increase (centralize)
• Rise of Guilds

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The High Middle Ages How did life change?7.
Criticisms against the church

• a. Wealth
• Leads to future problems
• b. Worldly devotion to family over Church
  duties
• SOLUTION marriage outlawed for priests
• c. Simony Corruption selling of Church
  positions
• SOLUTIONS outlawed simony Church ONLY chooses
  Church officials (not kings/nobles)

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Church v. State

• France, 13/14th Century
• Sequence of Events
• Philip IV taxes French clergy
• Pope Boniface IV forbids Philip to tax without
  papal consent
• Punishment excommunication
• Philip IV threatens to arrest clergy that
  refuses to pay sends troops to seize Boniface
• French elect Pope
• Papacy moved to France (from Rome)
• Babylonian Captivity lasts for 70 years)
• (14th century) Rome responds by electing their
  own pope! Two popes?
• Why did Philip move the papacy?
• How did this decision affect the popes power?

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Homework Create a list of reasons explaining
why the period of the Middle Ages may be
considered the best and worst of times! (2
lists total!)

• It was the best of times, it was the worst of
  times

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Talk A Mile a MinuteTopic School
Teacher Student pencil
smartboard notes suspension
laughing cutting
study
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Talk A Mile a MinuteTopic Early Middle Ages
Dark Ages Manorialism Feudalism
Charlemagne Roman Catholic Church
Chivalry Fief
tithe
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Talk A Mile a MinuteTopic Early Middle Ages
476 Vikings invasions
Gothic Byzantine Empire excommunication
salvation Battle of Tours Islamic Empire

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Talk A Mile a MinuteTopic Early Middle Ages
Loyalty serfs
interdict Inquisition
Roman Catholic Church Chivalry
Anti-Semitism tithe
Eastern Orthodox

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Talk A Mile a MinuteTopic Crusades
Jerusalem Pope Urban Turks
Muslims Saladin Greatest Failure
Trade Cities
Cultural
Diffusion
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Talk A Mile a MinuteTopic High (Late) Middle
Ages
Middle Class opportunity Babylonian
Captivity Centralized Government
simony Bubonic Plague
Education
commerce worldly

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Talk A Mile a MinuteTopic Anything Middle Ages
Loyalty serfs
interdict Inquisition
Chivalry manorialism
Anti-Semitism
Black Death Eastern
Orthodox
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Talk A Mile a MinuteTopic Anything Middle Ages
knight manor
Roman Catholic usury
Chivalry Crusades
Anti-Semitism
Babylonian Captivity
heresy
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