Exodus 21

1
Exodus 21

• 1 Now these are the ordinances which you are to
  set before them
• 2 If you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve for
  six years but on the seventh he shall go out as
  a free man without payment. ...
• 12 He who strikes a man so that he dies shall
  surely be put to death.
• 15 He who strikes his father or his mother shall
  surely be put to death.
• 17 He who curses his father or his mother shall
  surely be put to death.
• 24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand,
  foot for foot,
• 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for
  bruise....
• 28 If an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the
  ox shall surely be stoned and its flesh shall not
  be eaten but the owner of the ox shall go
  unpunished.
• 29 If, however, an ox was previously in the
  habit of goring and its owner has been warned,
  yet he does not confine it and it kills a man or
  a woman, the ox shall be stoned and its owner
  also shall be put to death...

2
Deuteronomy 22

• 13 If any man takes a wife and goes in to her
  and then turns against her, 14 and charges her
  with shameful deeds and publicly defames her, and
  says, I took this woman, but when I came near
  her, I did not find her a virgin,
• 15 then the girls father and her mother shall
  take and bring out the evidence of the girls
  virginity to the elders of the city at the gate.
• 16 And they shall spread the garment before the
  elders of the city.
• 18 So the elders of that city shall take the man
  and chastise him, 19 and they shall fine him a
  hundred shekels of silver and give it to the
  girls father, because he publicly defamed a
  virgin of Israel. And she shall remain his wife
  he cannot divorce her all his days.
• 20 But if this charge is true, that the girl was
  not found a virgin, 21 then they shall bring out
  the girl to the doorway of her fathers house,
  and the men of her city shall stone her to death
  because she has committed an act of folly in
  Israel by playing the harlot in her fathers
  house thus you shall purge the evil from among
  you.

3
Deuteronomy 23

• 19 You shall not charge interest to your
  countrymen interest on money, food, or anything
  that may be loaned at interest. 20 You may
  charge interest to a foreigner, but to your
  countrymen you shall not charge interest, so that
  the LORD your God may bless you in all that you
  undertake in the land which you are about to
  enter to possess.
• Deuteronomy 2419
• When you reap your harvest in your field and
  have forgotten a sheaf in the field, you shall
  not go back to get it it shall be for the alien,
  for the orphan, and for the widow, in order that
  the LORD your God may bless you in all the work
  of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive tree,
  you shall not go over the boughs again it shall
  be for the alien, for the orphan, and for the
  widow.

4
Jeremiah 6

• 9 Jeremiah said I bought the field which was
  at Anathoth from Hanamel my uncles son, and I
  weighed out the silver for him, seventeen shekels
  of silver.
• 10 I signed and sealed the deed, and called in
  witnesses, and weighed out the silver on the
  scales.
• 11 Then I took the deeds of purchase, both the
  sealed copy containing the terms and conditions
  and the open copy
• 12 and I gave the deed of purchase to Baruch the
  son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, in the sight
  of Hanamel my uncles son and in the sight of the
  witnesses who signed the deed of purchase, before
  all the Jews who were sitting in the court of the
  guard.
• 13 And I commanded Baruch in their presence,
  saying,
• 14 Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of
  Israel, Take these deeds, this sealed deed of
  purchase and this open deed, and put them in an
  earthenware jar, that they may last a long time.

5
A Mishnah and Gemara

• MISHNAH. SOME FINDS BELONG TO THE FINDER OTHERS
  MUST BE ANNOUNCED. THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES BELONG
  TO THE FINDER IF ONE FINDS SCATTERED FRUIT,
  SCATTERED MONEY, SMALL SHEAVES IN A PUBLIC
  THROUGHFARE....
• GEMARA. IF ONE FINDS SCATTERED FRUIT, etc. What
  quantity of fruit in a given space is meant? R.
  Isaac said, A kab within four cubits. But what
  kind of case is meant? If the fruit appears to
  have been dropped accidentally, then even is
  there is more than a kab it should also belong to
  the finder. And if it appears to have been
  deliberately put down, then even if there is a
  smaller quantity it should not belong to the
  finder...followed by discussion and debate and
  differing viewpoints
• Baba Mezia, ch. 11, of the Babylonian Talmud

6
Islamic Law
7
Shariah law

• Based on
• The Koran (Quran)
• The sunnahs of Mohammed
• Interpretations of scholars (until the 10th
  century, when interpretation was closed)

8
Crimes in Shariah law

• death for apostasy and for highway robbery
• amputation of the hand for theft
• death by stoning for extramarital sex relations
  if the offender is married and 100 lashes for
  unmarried offenders
• 80 lashes for an unproved accusation of
  unchastity and for the drinking of any intoxicant.