REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS

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REQUERIMIENTO 4 EQUINOS
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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSComparación digestiva
Human Ruminant Equine
Stomach 30 70 9-10
Sm. Intestine 33 19 30
Cecum 7 3 16
Lg. Intestine 30 7 45
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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDigestión
Fermentable Fiber
Large Intestine
Fat
Digestible Carbohydrate
Stomach
Small Intestine
Fatty Acids
Volatile Fatty Acids
Glucose
Fat
Glycogen
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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCategorías digestivas

• Maintenance - basic requirements of life
• Growth - youngest has highest requirements
• Gestation - last three months
• Lactation - first three months
• Work - depends on activity
• light, moderate, intense
• Geriatric

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDieta balanceada - Agua

• Essential for all body functions
• Temperature regulation
• Feed digestion
• Amount of water intake
• Level of exercise
• Ambient temperature
• Quality of feeds in ration
• Proportion of diet that is forage
• Minimum 1 gallon/100 lbs BW/day

• Forage
• Concentrate Grain
• Supplements

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSMantenimiento

• Size body weight
• Environment
• Individual digestive metabolic efficiency
• Dry matter intake 1.5 of the BW
• Most - energy requirements are met with forage
  alone

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuente de energía para
el desempeño
Muscle Glycogen Blood Glucose
Pyruvate
Lactate
Anaerobic Glycolysis
ATP
Creatine Phosphate
Myokinase and CPK Reactions
Lipolysis
Oxidative Metabolism
Free-Fatty Acids
CO2and Water
Oxygen
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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSNiveles de desempeño

• Light - western and English pleasure, trail
  riding, equitation, hacking
• Moderate - dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting,
  barrel racing, jumping
• Intense - race training, polo, cutting,

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSEnergía requerida
Activity Examples DE (Mcal/d)
Maintenance Pasture 16
Light work Pleasure riding 20
Moderate work Reining, jumping 24
Intense work Racing, endurance 32
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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSTabla de recomendación
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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una ración

• First figure roughage requirement (1-2 of body
  weight) ex. 0.0175 x 1100 lbs. 19.25 lbs.
• Then figure D.E., C.P., Ca. and P provided by
  this amount of hay
• Next figure how much concentrate to feed based on
  D.E. deficit remaining
• Double check- does it make sense?

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una ración
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• http//nrc88.nas.edu/nrh/

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo del peso corporal

• CABALLOS ADULTOS
• P.V. (kg) 4.3P.T. (cm) 3A.C. (cm) 785
• CABALLOS DE MENOS DE CUATRO AÑOS
• P.V. (kg) 4.5P.T. (cm) 370
• P.V. peso vivo
• P.T. perímetro torácico
• A.C. alzada de la cruz
• Fuente I.N.R.A. (Francia)

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuentes de Energía

• Hydrolysable CHO
• Sugars starches
• Create ? intestinal pH ? risk of colic
• Fermentable CHO
• Beet pulp or soy hulls
• ? glycogen usage
• Fat
• 3X the energy concentration of CHO
• Creates higher energy feed
• Protein (minimal usage)

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementacion de grasa

• Why Use It For Performance Horses?
• Energy from fat is 90 utilizable
• Fat ? heat of fermentation
• Fat ? glycogen storage prior to race
• Fat ? buildup of lactic acid during intense
  exercise
• Fat ? fatigue

• Natural horse diets contain lt 3-4 fat
• High Fat sweet feeds contain 6-10 fat
• Fat Supplements
• Vegetable Oil (most common 99 fat)
• Rice Bran (very palatable 20 fat)
• Animal tallow (not palatable)

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementación de grasa

• Hay requirement
• Feed at least 50 of total ration as forage
  (pasture /or hay)
• Preferably high quality grass hay or
  alfalfa/grass mix
• Exercising horses do not need high levels of
  protein
• More important quality of protein
• Horses should be fed to meet their immediate
  needs
• I.e. cut grain on rest days
• If stalled, overfeeding can ? stocking up or colic

• No gall bladder
• Max 20 in total diet
• 1100 lb horse can digest 17.5 oz of fat (Just
  over 2 cups)
• If adding fat to existing diet, need to rebalance
  other nutrients
• (i.e. vitamin E (200 IU/cup of added oil)
• Add 6-10 weeks before performance.

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCrecimiento

• Goals
• Maximize genetic potential for growth
• Sound musculos keletal system

• Nutrient balance is important
• Requires higher quality feeds
• Growth rate age determines requirements
• Growing till reach 30 months

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGestación potro

• Provision of nutrients for
• Fetal growth development

• Other products of conception

• Last 3 month of gestation 60 foals weight
• Mare needs to gain 0.3 0.8 lb/d

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSProducción de leche
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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSYegua Consumo de
alimento (como del peso vivo)
Mare status Forage Concentrate Total
Early pregnancy 1.5-2.0 0-0.5 1.5-2.0
Late pregnancy 1.0-1.5 0.5-1.0 1.5-2.0
Early lactation 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0
Late lactation 1.0-2.0 0.5-1.5 2.0-2.5

• Adding concentrate to late pregnancy mares
  accounts for limited energy acclimates microbes
• Allow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake
  changes
• Heavy milkers may require as much as 1.75-2.0 of
  BW in concentrate feed/day

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REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGeriátricos

• Fiber digestion decreases
• Ability to manufacture or absorb certain vitamins
  decrease
• B vitamins
• Vitamin C
• Decreased kidney function
• Calcium stones may build up
• Decreased liver function
• Jaundice, weight loss, lethargy, loss of
  appetite, intolerance for fat and protein in diet