Title: Sea Power and Maritime Affairs
1Sea Power and Maritime Affairs
- Lesson 5.2 The U.S. Navy in the Napoleonic Era,
- 1783-1815
2Enabling Objectives
- UNDERSTAND the historical context for the time
period as it relates to U.S. history. - EXPLAIN the influence of European events upon
American Trade. - IDENTIFY the causes and operations of the
Quasi-War with France. - DESCRIBE the Battle of Annihilation and Guerre
de Course. - DESCRIBE the background of Jeffersons defensive
naval strategy.
3Enabling Objectives
- RECALL operations against the Barbary corsairs.
- EXPLAIN the effect of the European war on the War
of 1812. - DEFINE U.S. and British Naval strategies during
the War of 1812. - EXPLAIN the contributions of the U.S. Navy during
the War of 1812.
4A New Government and a New Navy
- 1785 - All Continental Navy warships
decommissioned. - 1788- U.S. Constitution ratified
- The Congress shall have Power To provide and
maintain a Navy. - 5 years after Constitution signed, merchant
shipping triples. - Federalists vs. Republicans
5Rebirth of the U.S. Navy
- Navy Act of 1794
- Six frigates authorized
- Cancellation Clause
- 1797 United States, 44, Constellation, 36, and
Constitution, 44 completed. - 1798 Department of the Navy established
- Guerre de course vs Guerre de escadre
6Quasi War with France, 1798-1800
Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute!
USS Constellation and the Insurgente
Commodore Thomas Truxton
7Jeffersonian Naval Policy
- Large reductions in Naval funding.
- Reduced federal taxation and spending.
- Inward expansion -1803 Louisiana Purchase.
- Only 13 Navy ships sold except 13 frigates.
- Jeffersons Gunboat Navy - a strictly defensive
strategy. - Static and weak defense of American coast.
- Floating gun platforms - reduced maneuverability.
8Barbary Wars 1801-1805
- War against the Barbary States begins
- Tripoli demands 200K for peace.
- Jefferson sends frigates instead.
- Commodore Edward Preble
- Prebles Boys will command ships in the War of
1812.
This is the United States ship Constitution, 44
guns, Edward Preble, an American commodore who
will be damned before he sends his boat onboard
any vessel! Blow your matches boys!
9Barbary Wars 1801-1805
- 1804 USS Philadelphia held under Tripolis
guns. - Lieutenant Stephen Decatur
- Promoted to CAPT at age 25 2 months extra pay
for crew. - Marines march on Tripoli.
The most daring act of the age. - Admiral
Horatio Nelson
10England expects that every man will do his
duty.
- French Empire established under Napoleon.
- Napoleons France (Land Power) versus Coalitions.
- 1805- France severely weakened at sea by defeat
at Trafalgar. - 1814- Napoleon defeated
- Effect on U.S.?
11The Clouds of War Form
- 1807 Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
- Neutral rights and sanctity of a
warship. - President Madison - 1809
- Impressment
- British seizure of U.S. Sailors.
- New England vs War Hawks
Never since the Battle of Lexington have I seen
this country in such a state of exasperation. -
Thomas Jefferson
12The War of 1812 (1812-1814)
- 1812
- British impressment of U.S. sailors
- U.S. declares war against England
- U.S. unsuccessfully invades Canada
- 1814
- Aug British forces raid Chesapeake
- Washington DC burned
- Sep Baltimore -Fort McHenry
- Francis Scott Key pens the Star Spangled Banner.
- Naval Lesson Gunboats ineffective for coastal
defense.
13The War of 1812 (1812-1814)
- U.S. Naval Victories
- USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere
- USS United States vs HMS Macedonian
- USS Constitution vs HMS Java
- The Navy increases morale during the war and
post-war support for the Naval service.
14We have met the enemy and they are ours.
- The Battle of Lake Erie
- Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry
- Ft. Detroit cut off from supplies.
- Oregon and Michigan territories secured.
- Battle of Lake Champlain
- Commodore Thomas MacDonough
- Prevented British invasion of New York from
Canada.
15Battle History Video
- Chapter 1 "Born Into War", Time 0615 - 0902
16Enabling Objectives
- UNDERSTAND the historical context for the time
period as it relates to U.S. history. - EXPLAIN the influence of European events upon
American Trade. - IDENTIFY the causes and operations of the
Quasi-War with France. - DESCRIBE the Battle of Annihilation and Guerre
de Course. - DESCRIBE the background of Jeffersons defensive
naval strategy.
17Enabling Objectives
- RECALL operations against the Barbary corsairs.
- EXPLAIN the effect of the European war on the War
of 1812. - DEFINE U.S. and British Naval strategies during
the War of 1812. - EXPLAIN the contributions of the U.S. Navy during
the War of 1812.
18Questions?