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Chapter 20

• Section 1
• Spain Builds an American Empire

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The Voyages of Columbus

• First Encounters
• Genoese sea captain Christopher Columbus reaches
  America (1492)
• Thinks he is in East Indies, calls natives los
  indios Indians
• Actually lands on an island, probably in the
  Bahamas
• Unable to find gold, he claims many islands for
  Spain

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Columbus Four Voyages
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Other Explorers Take to the Seas

• 1500-Pedro Alvares Cabral claims Brazil for
  Portugal
• 1501-Amerigo Vespucci travels the eastern coast
  of S. America in the name of Portugal. (continent
  was named after him)
• 1509-Ferdinand Magellans crew of Portugal
  circumnavigates the globe.

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Vespuccis Voyages
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Ferdinand Magellan the First Circumnavigation
of the WorldEarly 16c
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Spanish Conquests in Mexico

• Conquistadors-(Spanish conquerors)
• 1519-Hernando Cortes, Spanish explorer, lands in
  Mexico
• Cortes and 600 men reach Aztec capital of
  Tenochtitlan
• 1521-Aztec empire is conquered
• Europeans superior weaponry
• Many native Aztec die from European disease

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The First Spanish ConquestsThe Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II
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The Death of Montezuma II
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Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
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• Meeting of Cortes and Montezuma

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Spanish Conquests in Peru

• 1532-Francisco Pizarro leads forces into Peru.
• 1533-Pizarro kills Inca leader Atahualpa and
  conquers the Inca.

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The First Spanish Conquests
The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa
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Spains Pattern of Conquest

• Spanish men and Native women have children
• Result is large mestizo (mixed heritage)
• Encomienda system-Spanish force Native Americans
  to work for them

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The Portuguese in Brazil

• The land did not have much gold or silver
• Portuguese settlers began clearing the forest
  land for sugar plantations
• Great demand for sugar in Europe
• Allowed Portuguese eventual wealth

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Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
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Spains Influence Expands

• Growth of Spanish Power
• Conquests bring great wealth to Spain
• Spain enlarges its navy to protect cargo treasures

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Conquistadors Push North

• 1513-Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain
• 1540-Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explores
  Southwest, finding little gold
• Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest
• Early 1600s, capital of Santa Fe established in
  Pueblo region

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Opposition to Spanish Rule

• Protests against mistreatment-
• Catholic priests upset at how Native Americans
  treated
• Spoke out against harsh patterns of labor

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African Slavery and Native Resistance

• 1542-Spain abolishes encomienda system
• Need for workers in mines and farms met with
  enslaved Africans
• Some Native Americans resist Spanish conquerors
• 1680-Pope leads rebellion against Spain in modern
  day New Mexico
• Spanish driven out, but return 12 yrs later