Rise of Napoleon

1
Rise of Napoleon
2
Recap

• Estates General
• National Assembly- Constitution of 1791
• Execution of Louis XVI
• Rise of Robespierre
• End of the Reign of Terror

3
The Directory

• Entered third stage of the revolution.
• The Constitution of 1795- five-man Directory and
  a two-house legislature elected by male citizens
  of property.
• The Bourgeoisie was the dominant force during
  this stage of the revolution
• 1795-1799- War with Austria and Great Britain
  continued

4
Rise of Napoleon

• Son of minor nobles born in Corsica in 1769
• At nine was sent to military school
• At 20 was a lieutenant in the French Army.

5
Early Successes

• 1793-drove out British forces out of the French
  port of Toulon.
• 1796-took over the army of northern Italy
• Military campaign in 1796-1797 enabled him to
  convert part of northern Italy into satellite
  republics.
• Sailed to Egypt in hopes of cutting English trade
  routes, threatening England's control of India,
  and expanding France into the Middle East.

6
Fall of the Directory

• Napoleon returned and established a new 3 consul
  system, with practically unlimited power to the
  first consul.
• The other two consuls faded into the background.
• Had a citizen plebiscite- Napoleon won 99.99
  percent of the vote.
• What is in the New Constitution? Bonaparte.

7
Napoleons Early Years

• Got the Russians to withdraw from war
• After multiple new campaigns in Italy, Napoleon
  forced the Austrians to surrender. Great Britain
  remained the only enemy left.
• Treaty of Amiens 1802- France gained peace for
  the first time in a decade.

8
Domestic Reform

• Restore the tie of Church and State
• Concordat of 1801- recognized religious freedom
  for Catholics.
• Catholicism was the majority religion of France
• Priests on payroll, state nomination of bishops.
  They had to take an oath of loyalty to France.

9
Continued reform

• Napoleon controlled prices, encouraged new
  industry, and built roads and canals.
• Bank of France- gained control over the nations
  credit system.
• National Education Curriculum- Napoleon believed
  that education would provide good subjects and
  well trained officers.
• Bourgeoisie- approved Napoleons economic reforms
  and the restoration of order after years of
  chaos.
• Napoleonic code- The code forbade privileges
  based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and
  specified that government jobs go to the most
  qualified.

10
Napoleonic Code

• Promoted Enlightenment ideas- equality, religious
  tolerance, and advancement based on merit.
• Women lost rights- Male heads of household
  regained complete authority over their wives and
  children.
• Order and authoritygtindividual rights

11
Renewed War

• 1803- Peace between France and England broke
  down.
• Napoleon decides to make France an empire to
  stabilize the country.
• December 2, 1804- Napoleon was coronated the
  emperor of France. Placed the crown on his own
  head.

12
Battle for empire

• Napoleon was unable to attack England once Russia
  and Austria were in the war.
• December 2, 1805- Austria had no choice but to
  surrender.
• 1807- Meeting between Napoleon and Tsar
  Alexander. They agreed to divide most of Europe
  between them. Russians closed ports to the
  English.
• Napoleon- Thought if the continent was closed to
  the English, they would have to sue for peace.
• 1810- Napoleons domination of Europe was almost
  complete.

13
Growing discontent

• Continental system- failed to wreck Britains
  economy and aroused resentment towards France.
• Heavy taxation on satellite states- Napoleon
  heavily taxed the satellite states to raise men
  and money for his war. My principle is France
  first.
• Nationalism- A sense of nationalism began to
  grow in the Italian states, Germany, and the
  Austrian realm.
• Business recession in 1810-1811 cooled the
  enthusiasm of the bourgeoisie

14
European revolt

• 1810- Tsar withdrew from the continental system.
• Napoleon moved his forces towards Russia.
• 1812- Napoleon had collected the largest force to
  serve under his command.
• The invasion of Russia was launched.

15
Battle for Russia

• Russians retreated into their country and
  scorched the earth as they withdrew.
• Napoleon decides not to stop, and to make a fast
  march on Moscow.
• When the French arrive at Moscow, the city is
  abandoned and burning to the ground.
• The Russians refuse to ask for terms of peace.
• The French Retreat- An army of 500,000 men,
  brought down to 120,000.

16
Anti-French Alliance

• Britain, Austria, and Prussia, rose up against a
  weakened French Army.
• France was defeated in 1813
• 1814 Napoleon steps down from power and was
  exiled to the island of Elba.

17
Napoleon returns

• Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to power.
• Napoleon was able to return to power for 100 days
  before he was defeated by the Duke of Wellington
  at Waterloo.
• Napoleon returned to exile, to the island of St.
  Helena, where he would eventually die.

18
Battle of Waterloo
19
Napoleons Legacy

• Died 1821
• Remembered as the son of the revolution as well
  as revolution on horseback
• Napoleonic code was a model for written laws
• His militaristic abilities are his biggest
  contributions to modern history
• He was the French leader who sold the Louisiana
  Territory to the American Government, which
  doubled the size of the United States

20
The Congress of Vienna

• Was to settle the many issues arising from the
  French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,
  and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.
• This objective resulted in the redrawing of the
  continent's political map, establishing the
  boundaries of France, the Duchy of Warsaw, the
  Netherlands, the states of the Rhine, the German
  province of Saxony, and various Italian
  territories.
• Creation of spheres of influence through which
  Austria, Britain, France and Russia brokered
  local and regional problems
• Restoration of the monarchy.

21
The Congress of Vienna Sum Up

• Leaders from 10 countries led the meeting that
  focused on restructuring the power structure of
  Europe and protecting Monarchies
• The European map is redrawn
• France is surrounded by powerful countries and
  new countries are created (Belgium, Luxembourg,
  Holland)
• European monarchs are all legitimized

22
What are the effects of the French Revolution?

• End of absolutism theories end of feudalism
  rise of nationalism, popular sovereignty,
  religious tolerance, and legal equality
• What are the effects of Napoleon?
• Expanded French territory,(although divided up at
  the Congress of Vienna), Napoleonic Code
  influenced Frances laws, spread the ideas of
  revolution through conquest, had a working French
  constitution, Louisiana Purchase

23
Your Turn

• Lets analyze the information
• You are going to create an essay about Napoleon
  Bonaparte
• Read the directions and begin creating the essay.
  You must complete it for homework, as we will
  present these tomorrow

24
Final Thoughts Due 9/19 20 points

• From what you have learned, do you feel Napoleon
  was a hero or a villain?
• -explain your answer using details from the film,
  your text, maps, and notes
• Summarize the events and effects of the French
  Revolution. Be sure to include causes of the
  revolution, stages of the revolution, and after
  effects of the Revolution.