European%20Conquest

1
European Conquest

• Taking Notes Using a Timeline
• Chapter 7 Section 3

2
Key Terms for this section.

• Francisco Pizarro
• Christopher Columbus
• Conquistador
• Atahualpa
• Mestizo
• Hacienda

3
Introduction

• 1528- 2 Spanish ships sailed toward Colombia and
  Ecuador
• Francisco Pizarro and his men were searching for
  riches
• They had seen gold, silver, and cloth on Incan
  rafts at sea.
• They had captured 3 Incas to serve as
  interpreters
• Pedro Cieza de Leon, a Spanish explorer reported
  how the towns people reacted..

4
Europeans Arrive in the Americas

• 1400s- European nations of Spain and Portugal
  were searching for new trade routes to Asia
• Goods such as spices and silk were known in Asia
• Columbus- an Italian explorer thought he could
  reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic
• Columbus asked Portugal to sponsor the voyage,
  they refused
• He then asked Queen Isabella of Spain, she agreed
  
• Columbus set sail in 1492, 10 weeks later he
  spotted land

5
Exploration Dividing a Continent

• Spain and Portugal each sent explorers to the
  Americas
• They tried to stop each other from claiming the
  land there
• 1494- the two nations signed a treaty
• Treaty of Tordesillas set an imaginary line from
  the North Pole to the South Pole about 50 degrees
  west longitude
• Spain could settle and trade west of the line,
  and Portugal could do the same east of the line
• Line of Demarcation
• Because of the Treaty, Brazils language is
  Portuguese

6
The Success of the Conquistadors

• Conquistador-Conqueror
• They had the right to hunt for treasures and
  settle in the Americas
• In exchange, conquistadors gave Spain 1/5 of the
  treasures they found

7
Conquistadors Continued

• Gonzalo Jinenez de Quesada conquered the Chibcha
  in just a few years.Hernan Cortes arrived in
  Mexico in 1519 and by 1521 he defeated the Aztec
  Empire.
• 1531-Spanish conquistadors sailed to the Pacific
  coast of SA and took 180 soldiers.

• Atahualpa didnt pay attention to Pizarro
• 1532- Atahualpa was fighting his brother
• Nov. 15th that year, Pizarro invited Atahualpa
  and his followers to a feast the next day
• 3 thousand men went unarmed
• Pizarro captured the emperorer

8
Atahualpa is defeated

• Spanish gunfire killed many of the Incans
• Atahualpa offered the Spanish treasure for his
  life
• He gave 24 tons of gold and silver
• 1534, he was killed by the Spanish
• The next year, Pizarro had conquered most of the
  Incan Empire
• Spanish had guns, cannons and horses, native
  Americans had not seen those things
• Europeans also carried diseases, smallpox,
  measles, and chicken pox
• Entire villages got sick and died as a result

9
Colonization

• The 1600s Spain claimed land in much of the
  Americas.
• Lands stretched from southern South America north
  into the present-day United States.
• 1667, France took control of an area in northern
  S.A. that became French Guiana.
• Portugal claimed Brazil
• European Settlers arrive Spain, Portugal and
  other European countries began to arrive in S.A.
• Missionaries were sent from the Catholic Church
• Others came for gold and other riches
• Newcomers used their superior force to suppress
  the native people

10
Spain Organizes Its Empire

• Spain controlled a vast portion of the Americas
  south
• He wanted to maintain strict control
• Divided the territory into provinces
• Appointed viceroys, or representatives who ruled
  the provinces in the kings name
• A council supervised the colonial officials to
  make sure that they did not become too powerful

11
Continued.

• Peru was one of the most important provinces
• Lima was the capital
• Social classes determined where people lived
• Most powerful people lived in the center of the
  city
• Mestizos lived on the outskirts of Lima
• Many Mestizos were poor, some middle class and
  few were wealthy
• Spanish forced the poor to work on Haciendas

12
The Effect of European Rule

• Spain gave its settlers encomiendas (the right
  to collect taxes and demand labor from the
  natives
• Forced natives to work on haciendas and in mines
  after the discovery of silver
• Natives died from overwork, malnutrition, and
  European disease.
• As a result of natives dying, the Spanish began
  to import slaves from Africa
• Brazil was colonized by Portugal
• Sugar plantations were produced and cattle ranches

13
Questions/Review

• Who visited the Incan Empire and destroyed it in
  what year?
• How was the Incan emperor deceived?
• Were Europeans views biased pertaining to the
  Native people of South America?
• What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? What two
  countries were involved?
• What happened to the natives as a result of
  European rule?
• Which country colonized Brazil, and was the
  outcome of that colonization?