Colonizing North America

1
Colonizing North America

• Chapter 3.3

2
Overview

• Why did England, France and the Netherlands seek
  a northwest passage?
• How did the Protestant Reformation affect
  rivalries among European nations?
• How did rivalry develop between New France and
  New Netherland?

3
Read
PLEASE READ PAGES 81-86
4
Search for the Northwest Passage

• John Cabot- English explorer
• Giovanni da Verrazano- Italian explored Carolinas
  up to Canada
• Jacques Cartier sailed half of the St. Lawrence
  River
• Henry Hudson entered into New York harbor and now
  what is Hudson River

5
Rivalries Among European Nations

• Religious Divisions
• Martin Luther
• Protestant Reformation
• Rivalries in the Americas

6
New France

• Samuel de Champlain founded the trading post
  named Quebec on the St. Lawrence River.
• Permanently established France in Americas
• Economy of New France, profited from fishing and
  fur trapping and trading.

7
Missionary Work of France

• Catholic missionaries traveled with fur traders
• Searched for converts within the Native American
  population
• Goal to teach Christianity

8
Expansion of the Mississippi

• Mississippi River known by the Native Americans
  as the Father of the Waters
• Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet
  explored 700 miles of Mississippi and Great Lakes
• French wanted to keep Spain and England out of
  Louisiana territory, established forts like
  Detroit and New Orleans

9
Expansion (Cont)

• French colonists imported African slaves that
  work plantations
• Some slaves escaped and joined the Natchez
  Indians in a revolt against the French (1729)
• Those slaves that fought with the French received
  their freedom
• Free and enslaved African Americans made up the
  majority of settlers in Louisiana

10
New Netherlands

• Peter Mimuit led Dutch Settlers to the mouth of
  the Hudson River
• Bought Manhattan from Native Americans, then
  called it New Amsterdam (New York)
• Grew into busy port, profited from trade.
• Trading posts like New Orange (Albany),
  established along the Hudson River

11
Rivalry over Fur Trade

• French and Dutch settlers became rivals over fur
  trade.
• Dutch made an alliance with the Iroquois
• French with the Huron's
• Sporadic fights between two nations occurred
  using Indian Allies

12
Dutch brought customs to Americas

• Ice skating
• Saint Nick (Santa Claus)
• Dutch language assimilated into English language
  (boss, cookies, sleigh)

13
Impact on Native American Society

• Diseases (Smallpox) killed much of Native
  American population
• War
• Missionary conversion not always accepted
• Seize Indian lands (new outposts) brought more
  trouble and colonization westward