IPOD%20Neural%20Impulse%20Demonstration

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• IPOD Neural Impulse Demonstration

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Brain and Behavior
Introduction
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Some methods of studying the brain

• Animal Research
• 1.) Lesioning
• 2.) ESB (Electrical Stimulation of Brain)
• Human Research
• 1.) CT (or CAT) scan
• 2.) PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Scan
• 3.)fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

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Methods of Studying animal brains

• 1.) Lesioning
• Involves the destruction of a piece of brain
• An electrode is inserted and high frequency
  current burns tissue
• 2.) Electrical Stimulation of brain (ESB)
• An electrical current is sent through brain to
  stimulate it
• Electrode used to activate brain area

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Methods of studying human brain

• 1.) CT (CAT) Scan
• -Computer enhanced X-ray of brain structure
• -creates vivid image of the brain through
  multiple x-rays

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Methods of studying Human Brain

• 2.) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan
• Radioactive markers map chemical activity in
  brain
• Color coded map shows which brain areas are
  active during certain functions

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Methods of Studying Human Brain

• 3.) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
• Different than regular MRI (MRI only maps
  structure)
• fMRI monitors oxygen and blood flow to brain
  areas during certain functions

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Brain Regions

• 3 Major regions of the brain
• 1.) Hindbrain
• 2.) Midbrain
• 3.) Forebrain

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Hindbrain

• Consists of
• 1.) Cerebellum
• 2.) Medulla
• 3.) Pons

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• 1.) Cerebellum- little brain
• Coordinates movement
• Responsible for balance
• 2.) Medulla
• In charge of unconscious, essential functions
• Breathing, Regulating our circulation
• 3.) Pons
• Bridge connecting brain stem with cerebellum
• Involved with sleep

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Forebrain

• Consists of
• 1.) Thalamus
• 2.) Hypothalamus
• 3.) Hippocampus
• 4.) Amygdala
• 5.) Cerebrum

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• 1.) Thalamus
• Relay station for sensory information
• Plays role in integrating information from senses
• 2.) Hypothalamus
• Regulation of basic biological needs
• Hunger, sex drive, thirst
• What happens when certain parts of hypothalamus
  lesioned

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• 3.) Hippocampus
• Role in memory
• 4.) Amygdala
• Role in learning of fear responses

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• 5.) Cerebrum
• Largest brain part
• Controls mental activities
• Learning, thinking, remembering
• Divided into 2 halves called hemispheres
• Brain has right hemisphere and left hemisphere
• Corpus Callosum connective tissue holding
  hemispheres (halves) together

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Each Hemisphere Contains 4 Lobes
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• 1.) Frontal Lobe- Motor Coordination thought
  processes
• 2.) Occipital Lobe Vision
• 3.) Parietal Lobe Sensation (Touch)
• 4.) Temporal Lobe- Auditory (Hearing)

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Right/ Left Hemisphere

• We essentially have two brains in one
• Left Hemisphere
• Verbal Processing
• Language
• Speech
• Reading
• Writing
• Right Hemisphere
• Spatial and visual recognition
• Expression Right-Brained or Left Brained

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Hemispheres and body

• Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the
  body
• Right hemisphere coordinates left side of the
  body
• Left hemisphere coordinates right side of the body

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Brain Plasticity