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Oil and Gas

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Title: Oil and Gas


1
Oil and Gas
  • Zoe Atkinson

2
Oil/Petroleum
  • A non-renewable resource
  • Widely used in industry, many types of
    transportation, and residentially
  • Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,
    and Sulfur, and minimal traces of Metals
  • Is obtained by drilling into land or ocean crust
    and pumping oil out

3
Oil pipelines are often used to transport oil
within a country or continent.
4
How it is Made
  • A Fossil Fuel created by the fossilization of
    organic materials such as vegetation, plankton,
    and other animals, this matter is called Biomass
  • Biomass was deposited on the earths surface
    millions of years ago and was covered with thick
    layers of sedimentary rock
  • Intense heat and pressure turns the organic
    matter into Kerogen, then with more heat and
    pressure into oil, and when even more heat and
    pressure is added it turns into natural gas

5
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6
Uses
  • Petroleum is refined and used in many different
    types of fuels such as gasoline, diesel, jet
    fuel, and kerosene, these fuels are burned to
    provide energy
  • Used in various Lubricants
  • In wax form as packaging of frozen foods
  • Street Asphalt
  • Paraffin Wax
  • Sulfur and Sulfuric Acid

7
Oil Usage per Capita
8
Wealth
  • Petroleum is a limited resource which is vital to
    our way of life and therefore it is very
    expensive
  • Oil costs about 80 a barrel at this time
  • Petroleum deposits are concentrated in different
    areas around the world which makes certain
    countries very reliant on oil profits
  • The uneven distribution of oil resources has
    cause countless political issues
  • The top exporters are Saudi Arabia, Russia, and
    Norway
  • Canada is the 15th highest exporter of oil

9
Oil Exports
10
Oil Spills
  • Oil is often transported by huge barges across
    our oceans and these barges can leak or sink
  • Contaminates the water and kills marine life
  • Covers marine birds and prevents them from
    flying, and they can die from ingesting the oil
    when they try to clean themselves
  • Oil covers sea otters fur and fills in the air
    pockets leaving them vulnerable to hypothermia
  • Oil can plug the blow-holes of whales, and stop
    their breathing, whales can also be poisoned by
    eating fish contaminated by oil
  • Oil in the water kills thousands of small
    organisms which disrupts the natural food chain

11
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12
A drill is being used to pump oil out of the
ground.
13
Environmental Effects
  • Oil production and transportation can disrupt
    animal communities and destroy land
  • Damage to the environment occurs at all stages of
    oil use, searching, drilling, pumping, refining,
    transporting, and consuming the oil
  • Oil waste dumping, production pollution, and
    toxic runoff can contaminate water and soil
    killing plants and animals
  • When oil is burned it produces carbon dioxide
    which builds up in the atmosphere creating the
    greenhouse gas effect and global warming
  • The combustion of oil also produces sulfur
    dioxide and nitrogen dioxide which seep into air
    moisture and fall as acid rain which destroys
    buildings and crops

14
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15
Solutions
  • Worldwide, we need to greatly reduce our usage of
    oil and petroleum products
  • Only use renewable, less polluting energy sources
    such as hydro, solar, wind, or wave energy
  • Walk or take public transportation when possible
  • Eliminate the use of disposable plastic items
    such as bags, cutlery, toys, food packaging, etc.
  • Buy local goods to eliminate transportation
  • Invest in researching alternative energy sources
    especially ones that could be used in
    transportation such as Biofuel, or hydrogen
    combustion
  • Educate others about the problem and solutions

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17
Sources
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_oil
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PetroleumExport
  • http//library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/oil_spills
    .htm
  • http//www1.american.edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xoi
    lpr15.htm
  • http//postconflict.unep.ch/sudanreport/sudan_webs
    ite/doccatcher/data/Photographs20Figures20and20
    Captions20by20Chapter/Ch7/Chapter20photos/7.4d
    20Waste20oil20discharged20DSC_0138.JPG
  • http//library.thinkquest.org/CR0214752/problems-2
    .html

18
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