ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY

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ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY

• PROF. DR. dr. YANWIRASTI, PA (K)

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• Human Body can be learned by two
• scientific dicipline
• 1. Anatomy ( a cutting open)
• The study of internal and external structure of
  the body and the physical relation ships among
  body parts
• 2. Physiology
• The scientific dicipline that studies the
  function of body structure

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Structure and Function cannot be completely
separated example
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Subdiciplines of Anatomy
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Several Branches of Anatomy Focus on the
Diagnosis

• Pathology Anatomy
• Examines all anatomic changes resulting from
  disease
• Radiographic Anatomy
• Studies the relationships among internal
  structures that may be visualized by specific
  scanning procedures
• Surgical Anatomy
• Investigates the anatomic landmark used for
  surgery

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Structural Organization of the Body
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Chemical Level

• Atoms
• The smallest unit of matter
• Molecule
• Combine two or more atoms such as a protein, a
  vitamin

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Cells

• Joining of large molecules in specific ways
• The basic units of structure and function in
  organism
• Specialiced structural and function unit called
  organelles permit all living cells to share some
  common functions
• The structure of cells vary widely

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Tissues

• Organization of similar cells that perform
  specialized function
• There are 4 type tissues in human body
• - Epithelial Tissue
• - Connective Tissue
• - Muscle Tissue
• - Nervous Tissue

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Organ

• Contain two or more tissue types that work
  together to perform specific, complex functions
• For example
• The small intestine has different structural
  and organizational relationships within its
  tissues that work together to process and absorb
  digested nutrients

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The organ system

• Consists of related organs that work together to
  coordinate activities and achieve a common
  function.
• There are 11 organs system, each composed of
  interrelated organs that work together to perform
  specific functions

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Organism

• All body system function interdepently
• in single living human being and
• maintains
• Homeostasis or internal equilibrium
• Through the intricate interworkings of
• all its organ system

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Anatomic Position

• A specific body position in which an individual
  stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on
  the floor.
• The head is level, and the eyes look forward
  toward the observer
• The arms are at either side of the body with the
  palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away
  from the body

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Anatomic Planes

• There are three major anatomic planes
• - a coronal plane ( a frontal plane)
• Divide body into anterior (front)
• and posterior (back) parts
• - a transverse plane (cross-sectional
• plane or horizontal plane)
• Divide the body into superior (upper)
• and inferior (lower) parts

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• - A Sagittal plane ( median plane)
• Divide the body into right and left
• halves
• - Para sagittal plane
• Paralel to mid sagittal

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Anatomic Directions
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Movement at synovial joints
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Human Body Regions
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Body Cavities
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Thoracic Cavity

• In thoracic cavity, we can find a space
  mediastinum which contain
• - Cor (heart)
• - Thymus
• - Oesophagus
• - Trachea
• - Major blood vessels that conect to
• the heart

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Abdomino pelvic cavity

• Consists of
• - Abdominal Cavity
• Contains
• gt Most of the organ of the
• digestive system
• gt Kidney
• gt Ureter pars abdominal

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• - The pelvic Cavity
• Contains
• gt The distal part of the large
• intestine
• gt Ureter Pars Pervica
• gt Vesica Urinaria (the urinary
• bladder)
• gt Urethra
• gt The internal reproductive ogans

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Abdomino pelvic regions

• Are divided into 9 regions by using 2 transverse
  planes and two parasagittal planes

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Abdomino pelvic Quadrants

• Are divided into 4 quadrants by 1 transverse
  plane and 1 sagittal planes

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Anatomical Landmarks
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