Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

1
Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

• Chapters 10 11

2
Thinking

• Concept mental group based on shared
  similarities
• We organize our thoughts into concept categories
  Easy to make quick judgments.
• Develop hierarchies for concepts.
• Prototypes best example
• Example Which is a chair?

3
Thinking Problem Solving

• Algorithm math formula that guarantees a
  solution.
• Heuristic a general rule of thumb that
  increases our efficiency not always correct
• Insights sudden realizations

4
Thinking Influences

• Fixation Strategies that become mental sets
  can interfere with diff. ways of thinking.
  (Functional fixation extreme)
• Conformation Bias Unconscious
• -Looking for evidence of truth.
• Heuristics Cause us to form habits
• Overconfidence More sure of ourselves
• Framing way information is worded tilt our
  mental images
• Belief perseverance Tendency to stick to
  original beliefs

Think
5
Language

• Phonemes smallest units of sound
• Morphemes smallest units of meaning
• Grammar combination of morphemes and words
  Psychology rules for spoken language.
• Examples Children learn grammar before reading
  Some can speak languages they can not read or
  write
• Babbling
• Homework Talking White http//www.nykola.com/ar
  chives/000069.html

6
Intelligence Overview

• Intelligence ability to learn from experience
• Several theories (Gardner and Sternberg)
• Alfred Binet (French)
• Stanford-Binet Test
• IQ (Intelligence Quotient) MA/Actual Age x 100
  IQ