Reconstruction%20of%20America%20post-Civil%20War

1
Reconstruction of America post-Civil War

• Objective Students will review vocabulary of the
  Civil War in order to connect its significance to
  Reconstruction. Students will also be introduced
  to Reconstruction and analyze how Reconstruction
  affected different Americans.
• WARM UP Take the vocabulary word you were
  assigned and
• 1. Define the word and its significance to the
  topic of slavery/Civil War
• 2. ILLUSTRATE the word to help you understand the
  definition (stick-figures are fine)

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Overview of the Civil War

• Goals and Strategies to winning the war
• North (Not all Northerners were abolitionists,
  so Lincoln had to define goals carefully)
• TO SAVE THE UNION
• South to be left alone with slavery unchanged
• (had to prepare for invasion from the North)
• COTTON DIPLOMACY Greatest strength of the South
  was their production of cotton (Exported to the
  North and Europe)
• Tried to use cotton as bargaining tool to get
  financial help from the British

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Emancipation Proclamation

• January 1st, 1863 Abraham Lincoln issue the
  statement/document
• The Proclamation freed the slaves in all areas
  that were in rebellion against the United States
• Allowed slavery to continue in states that were
  still in the Union
• And it didnt apply to areas that had already
  been conquered from the Confederates.
• WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT THAN?

4
Freedmen in North vs. Conscription in South

• Conscription The draft (forced service in
  military)
• - The Confederate Army enacted the first draft
  in American history in April 1862
• - At first it was men between 18-35, by end of
  war it was 17-50 years old
• - Dodging the Draft () Became a poor mans
  war
• Freedmen emancipated slaves
• - Emancipation Proclamation encouraged freedmen
  to serve in the Unions military
• - Served in segregated units in the North
• NORTH LOT OF SOLDIERS vs. SOUTH LACK OF
  SOLDIERS TO FIGHT

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(No Transcript)
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Reconstruction of the United States after the
Civil War

• Ms. Power
• US HISTORY II

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Answer the following questions with your partner

• What do you think freedom meant to the slaves?

8
Answer the following questions with your partner

• Was freedom a reality after the Civil War?

9

• Did all ex-slaves gain equal treatment after they
  gained their freedom?
• If not, what factors contributed to the different
  treatment?

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Reconstruction after the Civil War

• South was devastated in the war
• Economically broke
• Physically TORN UP landscape, farms ruined
• Nothing like FEMA in 1865 (Federal Emergency Aid)
• Morally defeated Lost war, under Norths
  control
• Millions of new citizens with little capital
  (money) or education/marketable skills
• How to bring these states back into the Union was
  the major question of Reconstruction
• - North decided to control/oversee rebuilding
  process of the South (new laws, new agencies)

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Atlanta after the Civil War
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Devastation of the South

• Troops trampled through and fought battles
  throughout the South
• Property loss
• Farms valued at less
• Land seized
• Land ruined by neglect (no men, no slaves)

13
Freedmans Bureau

• Set up at the end of the war to help the
  thousands of blacks and white southerners
  uprooted by the fighting

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Freedmans Bureau helped freed slaves find jobs
and deal with hardships
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African American hardships after the Civil War

• No money, no education, no established system of
  support
• Freedmans Bureau tried to help with jobs and
  complaints
• Not enough resources, tensions in the South
• Unfair contracts
• SHARECROPPING and TENNANT FARMING
• BLACK CODES ? People couldnt get OUT of their
  work contracts, no matter how bad things were

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Freedmans Bureau tried to settle differences in
the South
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Lincolns Reconstruction vs. Congress

• Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863)
• 10 Percent Plan
• Wade-Davis Bill
• Lincoln vetoed the Bill
• Upset A LOT of his supporters

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Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth
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Funeral on Pennsylvania Ave
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Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction

• Humble backround like Lincoln, but a Southerner
• Hatred for elite planting class
• Wanted all rich southerners to be pardoned by the
  President to be let back in Union
• No set or of people in a state had to express
  loyalty before being let back in Union
• Southerners liked it, but Northerns thought he
  wasnt HARSH enough

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Black Codes laws designed to keep freedmen
dependent on whites
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KKK

• Ku Klux Klan
• Started in1866

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13, 14, 15 Amendment

• 13 Prohibits slavery
• 14 Granted citizenship to all persons born or
  naturalized in the U.S.A.
• June 1866
• 15 Guaranteed every MALE had the right to vote
• No vote for women

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Impeachment

• Charging President with a crime once impeached
  by the House of Representatives, the President is
  tried by the Senate (2/3 vote needed)
• 2 President in our history have been impeached

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Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

• Scalawags a scoundrel and traitor in the eyes of
  former Confederates
• Carpetbaggers Those from the North who came
  south to take part in the regions political and
  economic rebirth.
• Southerners scorned them as UNWANTED, and
  sticking their heads where they didnt belong
• Carpet bag was a large, cheap suitcase

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Opportunity for African Americans during
Reconstruction
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Opportunities

• Look on page 419
• What kind of opportunities where available for
  freed slaves and other African Americans that
  werent there before the War

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Southern Homestead Act

• 45 million acres of government owned lang in
  southern states would be provided for African
  Amerians
• But few freedmen had the MEANS to buy seed,
  animals, equipment (stuff other than the land)
• Only about 4,000 families took advantage of the
  offer

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Sharecropping and tenant farming

• Never-ending cycle of debt and dependency
• Sharecropping Instead of working for wages,
  workers received a share of their employers crop
• Employer provided land, seed, tools, a mule and a
  cabin to live in
• Could charge more for supplies than workers were
  getting back in their percentage
• Tenant Farming rented the land they farmed from
  the landowner (Grew whatever crops they wanted to
  grow)

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Violent opposition to change in the South

• KKK white social hierarchy
• Main target was African Americans, but terrorized
  whites as well with threats, house burnings and
  murder
• Murdered thousands of people who were working to
  change the social, economic and political make up
  of the South (intergrate)
• Many people (carpetbaggers, African Americans)
  resigned from political positions in fear

32
Enforcement Acts

• Laws passed to set penalties for blocking a
  qualified person from voting
• Many southerners claimed they squashed individual
  freedom

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Reconstruction starts to crumble

• 1865-1877 12 years and there still was little
  peace/prosperity in the South
• Northerners were dismayed by the lack of progress
• African Americans were still stuck in poverty
• Southerners were dismayed by their regions poor
  economic condition

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Decisions of the Supreme Court weakened
Reconstruction

• Slaughterhouse Case (1873)
• Civil Rights was a STATE issue
• United States v. Cruikshank (1876)
• 14th Amendment did not give federal govt. power
  to punish whites who denied rights to African
  Americans (???!!!)
• United States v. Reese
• 15th Amendment did not protect voting rights if
  they were denied for another reason

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15th Amendment

• Right for all MALES to vote
• U.S. VS. Reese 15th Amendment doesnt protect
  voting rights if they are denied for another
  reason
• GRANDFATHER CLAUSE
• POLL TAX
• OBSCURE LOCATION OF VOTING BOOTH

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Reconstruction loopholes

• Jim Crow Laws
• Black Codes
• Lack of funds in Freedmens Bureau tied poor
  economic conditions of freedmen

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Jim Crow
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Redeemers

• By 1876 only South Carolina, Lousianna and
  Florida remained under Republican rule and
  Federal control (Federal troops)
• In the other states Democratic REDEEMERS ran the
  governments they worked to win back their
  states from the Republican rule

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Elections and Compromises

• Election of 1876
• Tilden wins by a small margin (too small to count
  as a win)
• 20 DISPUTED votes (voting fraud, confusion)

• Compromise of 1877
• Rutherford B. Hayes for President in return for
  the END of Reconstruction efforts in the South
  (removal of troops)

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Changed Lives During Reconstruction

• With a partner read and explore the documents on
  page 428 and 429
• Then answer question number 4 together.
• Only one sheet is required to turn in for each
  group.