Introduction to Present Perfect

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Introduction to Present Perfect

• How long have you lived in the United States?
• How long have you been here?

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All sentences have verbs.

• Minimum--one verb in every sentence--
• Many people work in the afternoon.
• Sergio works in a club.
• Marta worked yesterday.
• Sometimes the verb has more than one part.
• A few people are working tonight.
• A few people will work tonight.

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Review About Present

• Simple present tense ? discuss something that is
  a general fact or happens now
• Ludy and Lily study at CLC.
• Present continuous ? discuss something that is
  happening at the moment (AND for future.)
• Maria is paying attention to her teacher.
• Bayardo is working this afternoon.
• Try It! Write a sentence in the present.
• ________________________________________

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Review About Past 1

• Simple past tense ? discuss something that
  finished in the past.
• Carmen studied English in California.
• Ingrid met her husband in Venezuela.
• Anna came to the U.S. when she was a child.
• Try It! Write a sentence in the simple past.
• ___________________________________

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Review About Past 2

• Past continuous ? discuss something that happened
  in the past, at the same time as another event
  happened, and continued during the time of that
  event.
• I was driving when I heard a news report about
  the sheriff in Waukegan.
• Try It! Write a sentence with the past
  continuous. _________________________

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Using Present Perfect

• Present perfect ? discuss something that started
  in the past and continues now. (We use present
  perfect in other ways, too, but this is one
  important way.)
• We have practiced grammar since the first day of
  our class.
• We have studied together for more than a month.

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About Verb Parts

• All verbs have different parts or forms.
• Base form ? the way the verb is in the dictionary
  (We use this in some present tense forms.)
• talk, help, do, say, have, be
• Past tense form
• talked, helped, did, said, had, was/were
• ing form? present participle
• talking, helping, doing, saying, having, being

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Past Participles

• Another form the past participle. Use it in
  present perfect.
• Most of the time, this form looks exactly like
  the past tense, but NOT all the time
• For example talked, helped, had, said, told
• BUT.done, gone, been, given, known
• Find a list of irregular past participles in
  many grammar books or in a dictionary.

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Try It! Forms of the Past Participle

• What are the past participles of these verbs?
• Look
• Say
• Find
• Make
• Go
• Try It! Write another verb and its past
  participle __________________________

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Present and Past Participles

• When you use the present OR the past participle
  as the main, most important, verb in your
  sentence, you must combine it with another verb.
  It CANT be alone.
• Present participle example
• We are learning some grammar rules now, and we
  were learning different ones last week.

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Form of Present Perfect

• We use have or has and the past participle to
  form the present perfect.
• Maria has lived in Lake county for a long time.
• Anna and Suzanne have taught English for more
  than 20 years.
• How long have you studied English?
• Vicky has not gone to Chicago since August.

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Form of the Present Perfect, 2

• We can use contractions with the present perfect
  
• I have studied. Ive studied.
• You have studied. Youve studied.
• He has studied. Hes studied.
• She has studied. Shes studied.
• We have studied. Weve studied.
• They have studied Theyve studied.

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Form of the Present Perfect, 2

• Examples of contractions with the present
  perfect
• Hes been here since 8 a.m.
• Weve studied together since August 25.
• They havent gone to the Fitness Center.
• She hasnt seen many movies in English.
• Try It! Write a sentence in present perfect with
  a contraction. ____________________

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Using the Present Perfect-2-Review

• A common way to use present perfect ? discuss
  something that started in the past and still
  continues.
• Carolina and Olga have sat at the same table
  since the beginning of our class.
• Carolina and Olga sat at the same table before
  today and still sit there now, and they started
  to sit there at the beginning of our class.

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Using the Present Perfect, 3

• Another example
• A How long have you worked here?
• B Ive worked in this company for about 5
  years.
• A Have you had the same job all that time?
• B No, I havent. I got a promotion two years
  ago, and Ive worked as a team leader since
  then.

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Try It! Present Perfect

• Write a sentence. Use present perfect.
• If you want, you can answer these questions in a
  whole sentence.
• Where have you lived?
• Where have you sat in this class?
• What homework have you done?
• _____________________________________

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Present Perfect with for

• Present perfect with for ? to explain how long
  something has happened, what amount or period of
  time.
• Some people have studied for eighteen years.
  (They started to study in 1996, and they still
  study now.)
• Some people have studied at CLC for more than 3
  semesters.
• Other people have studied at CLC for only a short
  time.
• Most people who have had legal permanent
  residence in the U.S. for at least 5 years can
  apply to be U.S. citizens.

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Try It! Use for in your answer.

• How long have you studied here?
• How long has Anna been a teacher?
• How long have you driven?

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Present Perfect with since

• Present perfect with since ? to explain the
  starting time of something.
• Ive driven a car since 1981. (I started to
  drive in 1981, and I still drive now.)
• You have worn a tee shirt every day since the
  beginning of the semester.
• She has asked a question in class every day
  since our first day in August.

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Present Perfect with since, 2

• We can put a little sentence after since to
  explain when something began.
• Ive taught English since my younger son was 6
  weeks old.
• Katie has taught English at CLC since our
  program began.
• Daniel has known his best friend since they were
  in elementary school.
• What have you done since I saw you last?

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Try It! Use since in your answer.

• How long have you known Anna?
• How long have you lived at your current address?
• How long have you been able to write?

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Present Perfect

• Dont knock it until youve tried it!