What is IPM?

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What is IPM?
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• IPM is an abbreviation for Integrated Pest
  Management. It is dedicated to help treat and
  control pests with the least impact and effect on
  people, pets, and the environment. Instead of
  pesticides, they manage pests through sanitation
  and habitat adjustment.

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Why IPM?
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• Whenever people saw a bug, their first reaction
  was to reach for bug spray. Pesticides used to be
  the answer for anything bug related, until bugs
  showed resistance to it. It also caused secondary
  outbreaks, and horrible environmental
  contamination. Health risks caused by pesticides
  also rose for children. Researchers in California
  realized that pests were complex and ecological
  in nature. They developed a system for least
  impact on human and environmental health, and
  since then it has been the best way to manage
  pest problems on farms.

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What are the Six Steps to IPM?
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1. Inspect and Investigate

• Correctly identify harmful pests or signs of
  pests. Look for the conditions that can host
  pests, too. Also think about what kind of pests
  you have, the source of the pests, and their
  source of food. Inspections need to occur on a
  regular basis and be sure to check and inspect
  every room or area of the building.

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2. Identify and Learn

• Making sure you have correctly identified the
  pest is essential. Each bug is different each
  have their own habits and preferences, and
  knowing them will help manage the pest. After you
  have your bug, you need to read and learn about
  it. Its food sources, life cycle, habitat,
  natural predators, and ect. If the actual pest is
  not visible, you would need to look closely at
  any and all signs left behind and educate
  yourself with the different damages caused by
  different pests.

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3. Monitor

• This is a very important stage in pest
  management. Areas are to be regularly check for
  an signs of damage caused by pests. Monitoring
  determines when, where, and if treatment is
  needed. It helps treating the problem right when
  it starts so management is effective, and it
  helps pinpoint exactly where the infestation is
  taking place.

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4. Choose Control Methods

• Prevention is the main goal of IPM. Instead of
  directly attacking the cause, IPM will identify
  and remove the problem if possible. The
  information from the previous steps help gather
  data on the best ways to treat the certain pest.
• Guidelines of treatment should follow
• No harm done to the non-target organisms and
  human health.
• Permanent treatment and prevents the reoccurrence
  of the problem
• Cost effective

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• Other possible ways are habitat modification. In
  this process, you learn about the habitat and
  what it has to host the pests. Then you remove
  the factors that the pests thrive on, so the
  habitat is no longer suitable. An example is
  sanitation frequent cleaning will help eliminate
  food for the pests and shelter in trash clusters.
  Eliminating faulty faucets and leaks take away
  the water and moisture pests need to thrive on.
  Filling holes and fixing doors, cabinets, or
  windows will keep the pests from coming back.

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• Another way to remove pests is by hand, or
  mechanical (without chemicals). This includes
  trapping, vacuuming, barriers, removal by hand
  (such as fly swatters). The use of natural
  predators is another choice. Pesticides are the
  last-resort option to remove already existing
  populations. The pesticides chosen by IPM will be
  the least toxic to humans and non-target
  organisms.

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5. Evaluate

• This step goes hand in hand with the monitoring
  step. This gives a chance for program
  participants to regularly check on how the
  prevention methods are doing to address the
  problem and if any modifications are needed.
  Questions to ask yourself
• Was the prevention step necessary or could it
  have gotten better without any aid?
• Did our actions and treatments solve the problem?
• Can and how can we solve the problem better next
  time?

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6. Educate

• This step is the finishing touch of the IPM
  program. This helps spread the awareness of how
  you can help treating pests and stop the problem
  from starting. Information will adjust peoples
  behavior and how they go about disposing garbage
  and storing their food. Anyone and everyone do
  their part in pest prevention.

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The Asian long-horned beetle
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Is it native?
Nope. It is native to Japan, Korea, and southern
China (hence the name, Asian long-horned beetle).
It was first noticed attacking the New York City
area in 1996. Scientists believe it came to the
US in wood packing or crates on a cargo ship from
China.
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Scientific name?
Anoplophora glabripennis
(an-know-plo-fora glay-brepen-iss)
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How to Recognize
- Adult beetles usually measure around 1-1½
inches long - Shiny black exoskeletons have
white markings or spots. Their long antennae have
alternating black and white stripes. - Dorsal
surface of antennae and feet have a bluish color.
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Asian long-horned beetle
Bluish dorsal surface
Alternating black and white stripes on long
antennae
White markings on shiny black exoskeleton
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Life History
Egg- When first laid, the egg will be a white
color. As it matures, it will turn a little
darker, into an ivory-white color. It is oblong
around 5-7 mm long. It will hatch in around 10-15
days (in the summer). Larva- The head has dark
brown mouthparts. Its body is a cream color. The
first segment of the thorax is the largest, and
the rest of the body decreases to the abdomen.
Young larva are around 7-20 mm long. They feed
beneath the trees bark for around 20 days, until
it matures (around 30-60 mm) and tunnels into the
wood. Pupa- The pupa is not a pure white color
(more ivory-white), and is 30-37 mm long by 11
mm. They are usually found in the pupal chamber
in the wood. Adult- Body is black, with a blue
tinge and covered in white spots. The antenna
have 11 segments, alternating between blue/black
and white. The female is 22-36 by 8-12 mm wide,
while the male is 19-32 by 6-11 mm wide. The
antennae are always longer than their body.
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Impact on Forests
The Asian long-horned beetle prefers American
Elm, Box elder, Ohio Buckeye and the Red, Silver
and Sugar Maples. The beetle then chews ½ an inch
through the bark and the females lay their eggs
there. Then the larva grow and tunnel into the
tree. It takes a little over the year for the
larva to grow into an adult, and during its
growth, it continues to tunnel through the tree.
The tunnels cut through the passage of sap and
soon kills the tree. In spring, the beetle
emerges from a ½ inch hole, where sawdust can be
found under it.
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What is being done?
Education is important in stopping the spread of
Asian long-horned beetles. Since they cant fly
far, their infections are usually centered around
one spot. Word about the Asian long-horned beetle
is being spread, by sites like Beetle Busters
that help educate humans. Monitoring is also
happening. People are assigned to check incoming
cargo, and this is the next step in stopping the
spread of Asian long-horned beetles all around
the US. This type of beetle is believed to be the
most deadly and the damage caused by these pests
(whole forests being cut down) are horrific.