15 -4 The Air We Breathe pgs. 408-413

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15 -4 The Air We Breathepgs. 408-413

• IN What are the different ways that humans
  impact the atmosphere?

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Terms Objectives

• Terms
• Primary pollutants
• secondary pollutants
• acid precipitation
• Objectives
• Describe the major types of air pollution.
• Name the major causes of air pollution.
• Explain how air pollution can affect human
  health.
• Explain how air pollution can be reduced.

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• Air Quality is determined by the amount and type
  of pollutants in the air.
• Natural sources produce a greater amount of
  pollutants than humans do.

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• Human activities cause most of the air pollution
  in cities. This pollution may be solid, liquid,
  or gas.

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Types of Pollutants

• Primary pollutants are put directly into the air
  by human or natural acitivity
• Ex. (volcanic eruptions and vehicle exhaust)

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Types of Pollutants

• Secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants
  react with other pollutants, water vapor,
  sunlight, or some other substance.
• Ex. (ground level ozone and smog are both
  photochemical reactions related to car exhaust.)

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Sources of Human-Caused Air Pollution

• Most air pollution comes from transportation.
• Car exhaust contribute about 60 in the U.S.

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• Industrial air pollution comes from burning
  fossil fuels which releases oxides (like sulfur
  oxides) into the atmosphere.
• Some industries also release poisonous fumes into
  the air

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• Chemicals in household cleaners, new carpets,
  paints, cooking smoke, and other sources, may
  pollute indoor air.
• Some air inside buildings may be worse than the
  air outside.

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• Air pollution is a local and global concern.
• Winds move pollutants from one place to another.

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• Acid precipitation is caused by oxides of sulfur
  and nitrogen reacting with water droplets in the
  atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

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• Some chemicals such as Chlorofluorocarbons react
  with the ozone in the ozone layer to break it
  down into oxygen which allows the suns harmful
  ultraviolet rays to reach the Earths surface.
  Ultraviolet rays are the leading cause of skin
  cancer.

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Effects on Human Health

• Daily exposure can lead to asthma and other
  serious health problems.
• Children and elderly people and people with
  allergies or lung problems are especially
  vulnerable.

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Cleaning up our act

• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
  passed the Clean Air Act 1970 giving the
  authority to control the authority to control the
  amount of air pollutants by any source.
• Car smog checks
• Requires use of scrubbers to remove the harmful
  pollutants such as from burning coal.

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I Breathe What?
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Chemicals
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Exhaust
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Pollen
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Dirt
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Dust Storms
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How does dirt get in your house?

• Windows
• Doors
• Air Conditioning
• Pets
• You!

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Facts About Breathing

• You breath about 26,000 times a day (16-18
  breaths per minute)
• That is about 150 full bathtubs of air
• We breath in over a billion small particles a day
  (1,000,000,000)
• The average house collects about 2 pounds of dust
  a week

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How does your body filter out the particles?
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Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the
nose
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Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air.
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Sneezing
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Coughing
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• Air pollution has an effect on human health.
  Dizziness, headaches, runny nose, sore throat,
  and even lung cancer and other diseases are
  caused by pollution.

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• The Clean Air Act gives the Environmental
  Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to control
  the amount of air pollutants that can be released
  by any one source.