Greek I

1
Greek I

• Punctuation, Syllabification and Introduction to
  English Nouns
• (Chapters 4-5)

2
The NT Text

• oitine,j eivsin VIsrahli/tai( w-n h uioqesi,a
  kai. h do,xa kai. ai diaqh/kai kai. h
  nomoqesi,a kai. h latrei,a kai. ai
  evpaggeli,ai( 5 w-n oi pate,rej kai. evx w-n o
  Cristo.j to. kata. sa,rka( o w'n evpi. pa,ntwn
  qeo.j euvloghto.j eivj tou.j aivw/naj( avmh,nÅ
  Romans 94-5

3
Overview of Tonights Lesson

• Four Greek punctuation marks and three accents.
• Syllabification dividing a Greek word into
  syllables in order to be able to pronounce it
  correctly.
• Introduction to English Nouns

4
Greek Punctuation

• avpekri,qh VIhsou/j kai. eipen auvth/( Eiv
  hdeij th.n dwrea.n tou/ qeou/ kai. ti,j evstin
  o le,gwn soi( Do,j moi pei/n( su. a'n hthsaj
  auvto.n kai. edwken an soi udwr zw/nÅ
• le,gei auvtw/ Îh gunh,Ð( Ku,rie( oute antlhma
  eceij kai. to. fre,ar evsti.n baqu,\ po,qen oun
  eceij to. udwr to. zw/nÈ (John 410-11)
• In sum
• Commas and periods are the same in Greek as they
  are in English.
• In Greek, a period above the line is a semi-colon
  and a semi-colon is a question mark.

5
Diacritical Marks

• Diaeresis We learned about this last time.
  Examples naïve, Mwu?sh/j
• Elision when certain prepositions and
  conjunctions end in vowels and the following word
  also begins in a vowel, the vowel of the first
  word drops off and is replaced by an apostrophe
  (similar to a contraction in English dont
  confuse with smooth breathing).
• ou-toj hlqen eivj marturi,an ina marturh,sh
  peri. tou/ fwto,j( ina pa,ntej pisteu,swsin diV
  auvtou/Å (John 17)
• oi ouvk evx aima,twn ouvde. evk qelh,matoj
  sarko.j ouvde. evk qelh,matoj avndro.j avllV evk
  qeou/ evgennh,qhsanÅ(John 113)

6
Diacritical Marks

• Accents Almost every Greek word has an accent
  mark. It is placed over a vowel and shows which
  syllable receives the stress. There are 3 kinds
• evn auvtw/ zwh. hn( kai. h zwh. hn to. fw/j
  tw/n avnqrw,pwn\ (John 14)
• Acute pitch goes up.
• Grave pitch goes down.
• Circumflex pitch goes up, then down.
• For our purposes in pronunciation, we will simply
  stress the syllable that has the accent (see
  advanced information, pp. 20-21, for rules on
  accent placement).
• Sometimes an accent changes the meaning of a
  word.
• ti,j means who
• tij means someone
• See appendix in Mounce for more like these (p.
  338).

7
Syllabification How to Divide Words for
Pronunciation

• There is one vowel (or dipthong) per syllable.
• av kh ko, a men mar tu rou/ men
• A single consonant by itself (not a cluster) goes
  with the following vowel.
• e w ra ,ka men ev qe a sa, me qa
• Two consecutive vowels that do not form a
  dipthong are divided.
• ev qe a sa, me qa H sa ilt aj
• A consonant cluster that can not be pronounced
  together is divided, and the first consonant goes
  with the preceding vowel.
• em pro sqen avr ch/j

8
Syllabification How to Divide Words for
Pronunciation

• A consonant cluster that can be pronounced
  together goes with the following vowel.
• Cri sto,j gra fh,
• Double consonants are divided.
• Av pag ge,l lo men par rh si, a
• Compound words are divided where joined.
• Avn ti, cri stoj evk ba,l lw

9
Vocabulary for Chapter 4
10
Introduction to English Nouns

• Grammatical Terminology

11
Inflection

• Inflection is the phenomena of a words form
  changing when it performs different functions in
  a sentence.
• She will fail the class.
• The teacher failed her.
• English is not highly inflected, but Greek is.

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Grammatical Concepts Associated with Inflection

• Case The individual form of a word as it
  performs a particular function in a sentence. In
  English there are 3 cases
• Subjective performs the action of the verb.
• Objective receives the action of the verb, or
  serves as the object of a preposition.
• Possessive as the name implies, shows
  possession.
• The main words in English that change their forms
  according to the function they perform are
  pronouns, e.g. he, him, his.

13
Grammatical Concepts Associated with Inflection

• Number A word can be either singular or plural,
  depending on whether it refers to one or more
  than one.
• Gender Some words (again, mostly pronouns in
  English) change their form depending upon whether
  they are referring to a masculine, feminine, or
  neuter object.
• He gave it to her. All 3 pronouns are third
  personal singular.
• Natural gender is when a word takes on the gender
  of the object it represents. This is the
  exception rather than the rule in Greek.

14
Grammatical Concepts Associated with Inflection

• Declension the full pattern of different cases
  for a particular word (see pp. 345-46 in Mounce).

15
English Parts of Speech and Parts of a Sentence

• Noun
• Names a person, place, or thing.
• Adjective
• Modifies a noun or pronoun.
• Preposition
• Depicts relationship between two other words.
  The noun or pronoun following the preposition is
  its object.
• Subject
• Subject of the verb and its modifiers.
• Predicate
• Everything other than the subject, including
  verb, direct object, etc.
• Definite article
• the
• Indefinite article
• a or an

16
Greek Verbs

• We will concentrate on nouns and adjectives
  first, then do verbs.
• But in order to do the exercises, you need to
  know that concerning verbs, its all in the
  ending! (see p. 363).
• Greek verbs have the subject built in you will
  need to add it when you translate.

17
For Next Week

• Vocabulary quiz on words at the end of chapter 4.
• Workbook Exercise 4 is due. This exercise is
  over the material that we covered tonight in
  class.
• Read Chapter 6, Nominative and Accusative
  Definite Article