DNA%20Transcription%20

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DNA Transcription Protein Translation
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DNA Transcription

• DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the
  nucleus
• mRNA travels from nucleus to the ribosomes in
  cytoplasm
• Every set of three bases on mRNA is called a
  codon
• Remember RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine
  (T), it has one strand and it contains the sugar
  ribose, not deoxyribose!

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Transcription Step I
DNA Strands
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Transcription Step II
One side of the DNA is Matched Up with a
Complementary mRNA strand
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Transcription Step III
mRNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosomes
A new complementary RNA strand is made for the
other side of the DNA
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Transcription Reminders

• The template strand is the DNA strand being
  copied
• The rRNA strand is the same as the DNA strand
  except Us have replaced Ts

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Protein Translation

• Modified genetic code is translated into
  proteins
• tRNA matches the codons (set of 3 bases on the
  mRNA) with its own set of three bases (anticodon)
• Each piece of tRNA brings in an amino acid
• 20 amino acids

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tRNA in cytoplasm has a codon attached to an
amino acid
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tRNA structure

• 3-base code (triplet) is an anticodon
• Protein molecule
• Attached amino acid that is carried from
  cytoplasm to ribosomes

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Protein Synthesis

• Start Ribosome binds to mRNA at start codon
  (AUG)
• Elongation
• tRNA complexes bind to mRNA codon by forming
  complementary base pairs with the tRNA anticodon
• The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the
  mRNA.
• Amino acids are added one by one
• Release release factor binds to the stop codon

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