Biology 1060 Chapter 17

1
Biology 1060Chapter 17

• From Gene to Protein

2
Genetic Information

• Important Fig. 17.26
• Describe how genes control phenotype
• E.g., explain dwarfism in peas
• Discuss inborn errors of metabolism
• Give examples

3
Genetic Information continued

• Describe how nutritional mutants of Neurospora
  crassa were detected
• How did the experimenters elucidate the arginine
  metabolic pathway
• Describe how and why the one gene-one protein
  hypothesis has been modified

4
Transcription and Translation

• Compare and contrast DNA and RNA
• Describe transcription and its products
• Describe translation and its products
• Compare and contrast transcription and
  translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

5
Genetic Code

• Define codon
• Describe the importance of codons
• Discuss the template strand of DNA
• Explain its importance
• Discuss the relationship of nucleotides and amino
  acids

6
Genetic Code continued

• Describe the first experiment to identify the
  meaning of a specific codon
• Name the amino acids coded for by UUU, AAA, GGG,
  CCC
• Discuss how codons allow control of translation

7
Translation

• Discuss redundancy and ambiguity in the genetic
  code
• Discuss the importance of reading frame in
  translation
• Discuss the significance of the near universality
  of the genetic code
• Evolution Connection p. 333

8
Transcription

• Compare and contrast transcription in prokaryotes
  and eukaryotes
• Describe the three stages of transcription
• Discuss the factors important in RNA polymerase
  binding and initiation of transcription
• Discuss how the cell increases the efficiency of
  transcription to mRNA
• Describe termination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

9
RNA Modification in Eukaryotes

• Describe the modifications of mRNA
• Discuss their functions
• Differentiate between introns and exons in RNA
  splicing
• Discuss the importance of snRNPs, snRNA, and
  spliceosome
• Name the significant properties of ribozymes

10
Importance of Introns

• Describe the possible role of introns in the cell
• Describe the importance of alternative RNA
  splicing due to exon shuffling
• Discuss the importance of domains in proteins
• Scientific Inquiry p. 333

11
Transfer RNA

• Describe how tRNA participates in translation
• Describe how tRNA structure is formed
• How is structure related to function
• Explain the role of aminoacyl-tRNA-synthase and
  wobble

12
Ribosomes

• Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic
  ribosomes
• Explain the medical importance of differences
  between them
• Discuss the sites of ribosomes and their
  contribution to translation

13
Translation

• Describe the initiation of translation
• Describe the elongation in translation
• Discuss the process of termination of translation
• Discuss the significance of polyribosomes

14
Proteins

• Describe how proteins are modified after
  translation
• Explain the significance of the modifications
• Relate the locations of ribosomes and the sites
  of function of their products
• Discuss the functions of signal peptides and
  signal-recognition particle (SRP)

15
Gene Expression

• Compare and contrast
• Transcription and translation
• In prokaryotes
• In eukaryotes

16
Mutation

• Describe a point mutation and possible effects
• Describe the types of point mutation and explain
  their effects
• Define mutagen and discuss their effects
• Define a gene
• Science, Technology, and Society p. 333