The DNA Connection

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The DNA Connection
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Chromosomes are made of DNA
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The DNA Code
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• Each chromosome contains thousands of genes.

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• The sequence of bases in a gene forms a code

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• Every 3 Letters is called a CODON
• Code protein

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• DNA carries the codes

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DNA

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
• Double Stranded

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DNA Bases

• Purines
• 1. Adenine (A)
• 2. Guanine (G)

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• Pyridimines
• 1. Cytosine (C)
• 2. Thymine (T)

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DNA Base Pairing

• AT
• G C

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RNA Base Pairing

• AU Uracil
• There is NO T in RNA
• G C

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Transcription
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• The process by which RNA is made from DNA
• Occurs in the Nucleus

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• Since DNA is too big to fit through the nuclear
  pores, messenger RNA is used to read DNA

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RNA

• Single Stranded
• Same bases as DNA EXCEPT instead of T RNA
  contains U

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• After transcription mRNA leaves the nucleus and
  attaches onto a ribosome

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Translation
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• The message is translated into an amino acid
  sequence
• Occurs on ribosomes

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• Every 3 Letters is called a CODON
• Code protein

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• Requires tRNA to translate the code

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• tRNA can only read 3 mRNA codes at one time
  (codon)

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The Genetic Code

• The Codon codes for which amino acid is to be made

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• Amino Acids the building blocks of proteins

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• mRNA codon
• UAC
• Translated Code

• Tyr

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• DNA Sequence
• A T G C A A T G C

• U A C G U U A C G

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• RNA Sequence
• UAC GUU ACG
• Amino Acids Produced

Tyr Val Thr
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DNA Mutations
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Substitution
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Deletion
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Addition