RNA and Protein Synthesis

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RNA and Protein Synthesis
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Structure of RNA
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Three Types of RNA
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Transcription

• Process of copying part of DNA sequence into
  complementary RNA
• RNA polymerase
• Promoters start signals
• Takes place in the nucleus

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RNA editing

• Introns sequence of DNA not involved in coding
  for proteins (cut out of RNA in nucleus)
• Exons sequences of DNA that are involved in
  coding for proteins (expressed)

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Proteins

• Long chain of amino acids (polypeptide)
• mRNA instructions called the genetic code
• Codon 3-letter word in mRNA
• The 3-letter word codes for a certain amino acid
  (see table, book pg. 303)

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Translation

• Sequence of bases in mRNA gives instructions for
  order of joining amino acids
• Decoding the message on the mRNA happens during
  translation
• On the ribosomes

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Translation (cont.)

• tRNA brings the complementary anticodon and amino
  acid
• Ribosome forms the peptide bond
• Polypeptide grows until stop codon
• Proteins are the tools that build or operate a
  component of a living cell

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