B1b 6 Variation

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B1b 6 Variation

• 6.5 Genetic Engineering

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Learning objectives

• What is genetic engineering and how is it
  achieved?
• Understand the issues involved.

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What is genetic engineering?

• Cloning
• Changes the natural process of reproduction
• Genetic engineering/modification
• Changes the organism
• New characteristics

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Glow in the dark
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Whats going on?

• Changing the DNA
• Take a small piece from one organism and transfer
  it to another
• Uses enzymes to cut the DNA in certain place
• Take the gene that makes a useful protein in
  humans
• Transfer it to a bacteria
• Grow loads of bacteria
• They all produce useful protein

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• How is a gene taken from one organism and
  inserted into another?

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Benefits

• Transferring gene to an animal at early stage of
  development
• Animal can develop characteristics
• Can improve growth rates in plants and animals
• Plants could produce own pesticide
• GM food lasts longer
• Grow in different environments
• Animal can produce proteins in milk

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Disadvantages

• Really new no one knows?!?
• Pesticide resistant pests?
• Problems with GM food
• Often not fertile need to buy more
• Effects on environment
• Effects on food chain
• Un-natural

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Human engineering

• Genetic diseases mistake in DNA
• Quality of life or fatal
• Faulty DNA could be removed
• Healthy DNA put into cells at early stage
• Individual develops
• Designer babies?
• Clever, good looking, sporty?
• Ethnicity, sex, where does it end?

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Learning outcomes

• How can genes be transferred between organisms?
• Why can GM be useful
• What are some disadvantages of GM?