12 Weeks to TAKS Week 8

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12 Weeks to TAKSWeek 8
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• Objective 2 6a,b,c Biology DNA, RNA, Mutation
• The student knows the structures and functions of
  nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics. The
  student is expected to
• (A) describe components of deoxyribonucleic acid
  (DNA), and illustrate how information for
  specifying the traits of an organism is carried
  in the DNA
• (B) explain replication, transcription, and
  translation using models of DNA and ribonucleic
  acid (RNA)
• (C) identify and illustrate how changes in DNA
  cause mutations and evaluate the significance of
  these changes

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Remember THIS?
Making a DNA copy of DNA is replication. Cells
need to copy their DNA for mitosis (growth,
repair, and mantienence). Daughter cells are
genetically identical. DNA is also copied for
meiosis (reproduction). Daughter cells are
genetically different and have ½ the of
chromosomes.
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DNA is made of building blocks called
nucleotides. They consist of a deoxyribose
sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
The bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and
cytosine.
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REPLICATION A matches with T and G matches with
C, DNA copies DNA http//www.johnkyrk.com/DNArep
lication.html http//nobelprize.org/chemistry/educ
ational/dna/b/replication/dna_compounds.html
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TRANSCRIPTION A matches with U and G matches
with C, mRNA copies DNA http//www.johnkyrk.com/DN
Atranscription.html
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TRANSLATION MRNA is decoded and a protein is
made from amino acids. Use a chart to decode
every three mRNA bases to see what amino acid the
tRNAs will carry in to build a protein.
http//www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranslation.html
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MUTATION Any change in the DNA sequence. If it
is a point mutation (one letter is changed), it
can change the amino acid sequence by changing
the code.
ATC ATG
Deletion
Point mutation
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Translation
  DNA mRNA Protein In nucleus
On ribosome
Transcription
TACACCGTC
Now you try it
1. Write this DNA base pair sequence on you
paper. 2. Write the complementary strand of
DNA that would bond to them. 3. Translate the
strand into mRNA. 4. List the amino acids that
these codons stand for. Use the amino acid chart
on the next slide.
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T-A-C-A-C-C-G-T-C-
Complementary strand that would form in
Replication.
A
T
G
T
G
G
C
A
G
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T-A-C-A-C-C-G-T-C-
AUGUGGCAG
Methionine
Peptide Bonds
Tryptophan
Glutamine
DNA mRNA Amino Acids
Transcription
Translation