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Sustainable Design of Geopolymers - Integration
of Economic and Environmental Aspects in the
Early Stages of Material Development
Marcel Weil,Katja Dombrowski, Anja Buchwald
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Development of Geopolymers supported by System
Analysis
A. Buchwald BauhausUni. Weimar
M.Weil Forschungs-zentrum Karlsruhe
materials
K. Dombrowski TU Freiberg
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What Are Geopolymers?
Alumosilicatic polymeric binders
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Geopolymer
Mixing
Setting
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Geopolymer
- high strength - resistance against acids -
temperature resistance - cold setting - quick
setting
- use of secondary raw materials - extended
lifetime
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Geopolymer
- high strength - resistance against acids -
temperature resistance - cold setting - quick
setting
- use of secondary raw materials - extended
lifetime
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Material Development
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Goal

• Selection and optimisation of the most promising
  geopolymer compositions for specific fields of
  application
• by the use of system analytical tools

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Approach
3rd Step Detailed LCA, LCC, and optimisation of
most promising geopolymers
2nd Step Streamlined LCA, LCC, and key
properties of geopolymers
1st Step Screening of mineral raw materials
1st Step Screening of mineral raw materials
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• Situation 58 raw materials (35)

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Raw materials
Secondary resources
Primary resources

• Ceramic waste materials
• tiles
• sanitary porcelain
• kiln lining material

• Slags
• blast furnace slag
• steel slag
• copper slag
• municipal waste slag

• Clays
• kaolinitic clays
• ilitic clay
• dolomitic clay

• Ashes
• hard coal ash
• soft coal ash
• sewage sludge ash

• Others
• broken down masonry
• brick scrap
• glass industry waste

• Volcanic deposits
• trass
• tuff
• basalt

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• Situation 58 raw materials (35)

• Task Screening of raw materials
• What should not happen Loosing valuable
  candidates
• Strategies
• 1. Select a group of promising candidates
• 2. Use different methods for the screening process

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Methodes
Pre-selection
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Approach 1st Step (screening raw materials)
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Indicators

• Technical
• -        reactivity (quantitative)
• -        mechanical strength (quantitative)
• -        resistance against acids (qualitative)
• -        temperature resistance (quantitative)
• -        setting time (quantitative)
• -        workability (qualitative)
• -        handling (qualitative)

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Indicators

• Economy
• -      raw material costs (quantitative)
• -      costs of the thermal activation of raw
  materials (qualitative)
• -      costs of grinding raw materials
  (qualitative)
• -      follow-up costs caused by slow setting
  (qualitative)
• -      follow-up costs caused by high water
  absorption (qualitative)
• Ecology/Health
• -      availability/consumption of mineral
  resources (quantitative)
• -      consumption of energy resources
  (qualitative)
• -      toxic load (qualitative)
• -      health and safety at the workplace
  (qualitative)

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Compensatory method - Application fields
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Screening (Compensatory method)
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Compensatory method
AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process)
Specifications of the application P1 P2 ... Pn
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Ranking order of the alternatives for different
application fields
Compensatory method
Problem Determination of the cut-off level
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Results (compensatory method)
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Non-compensatory methoddominance concept

• No weighting of objectives
• No consideration of application field

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dominance concept

Ecology/Health
A2
A3
A1
A4
A6
A8
A7
A11
A5
A12
technology
A10
A14
A13
A15
A9
Stage 1 (preselection)
economy
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dominant concept
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Conclusions

• Introduction of Life Cycle Thinking in the early
  phase of material development is possible
• Preselection is important step
• too strong -gt exclusion of valuable alternatives
• too weak -gt additional work, costs,
• Compensatory methods allows a good decision
  support in screening phase
• Dominance concept is a powerful tool for a rough
  screening

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Thank
You