Ch. 12- Europe

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Ch. 12- Europe The Peninsula of Peninsulas
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Ch. 12.1 Landforms and Resources

• Peninsulas and Islands
• Northern Peninsulas (Norway Sweden)
• Fjords steep u-shaped valleys, cut by glaciers,
  provide excellent harbors for fishing boats

Jutland Peninsula
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2. Southern Peninsulas
Iberian Peninsula
Italian Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula
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3. Islands
Great Britain
Iceland
Greenland
Both Iceland and Greenland were settled by
Scandinavians people who are from Norway and
/or Sweden
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Mountains and Uplands

• Mountains in Europe separate groups of people
• Alps

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Mountains and Uplands Cont.

• Uplands
• Hills or very low mountains that may also contain
  mesas and high plateaus
• Kjolen Mountains (Scandinavia)
• Brittany (France)
• Meseta (Spain)
• Massif (Central France)

Meseta Mountains
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Rivers Europe's Links

• Rivers used to transport goods and ideas between
  coastal harbors and inland
• Two major rivers

Rhine River
Danube River
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Fertile Plains

• Northern European Plain
• One of the most fertile agricultural areas of the
  world
• Stretches across France, Belgium, Netherlands,
  Denmark, Germany, Poland

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Resources

• Two most abundant are coal and iron ore.
• Ruhr Valley (Germany)
• Alsace-Lorraine (France)
• North Sea Floor holds deposits of oil and Natural
  Gas
• Peat partially decayed plant matter that is
  found in bogs

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12.2 Climate and Vegetation

• Westerly Winds control the cold temp on Atlantic
  coast of Europe
• North Atlantic Drift warm water flows near
  Europes West Coast
• Alps create harsh climate zone by trapping
  weather systems
• high elevation colder climate

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Mediterranean

• From Southern Spain to Greece
• Mistral cold dry wind from north
• Sirocco hot steady wind blows from N. Africa to
  S. Europe

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Land of the Midnight Sun

• Northern Scandinavia
• Land is permafrost
• No trees, moss or lichen
• Winter nights long, days short
• Summer days long, nights short

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12.3 Human Environment Interaction

• Dutch Netherlands
• Much of land is below sea level therefore prone
  to floods

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Netherlands

• Seaworks structures used to control the sea
• Dikes earthen dams
• Polders process that reclaim land by diking and
  draining
• Terpens platforms that provide safety during
  floods or high tides
• Zuider Zee- arm of the N. Sea, now freshwater
  lake

Terpens
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Venice

• Movement of people and goods is dependent upon
  using the 150 canals
• Weight of buildings is compressing the ground
  forcing the city to sink
• Pollution from sewer, boats, saltwater

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Deforestation

• Forests cleared for fuel, or for building
  structures
• Acid Rains, by product of waste emissions (sulfur
  dioxide, nitrogen oxide)