Class Notes 17.3b (NB p. 27)

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Class Notes 17.3b (NB p. 27)
Describe significant events and outcomes of each
of the following.

• 1. Battle of Fredericksburg
• 2. Battle of Chancellorsville
• 3. Battle of Gettysburg
• 4. Pickett's Charge
• 5. Siege of Vicksburg
• 6. Shermans March
• 7. Grant and Lee at Petersburg
• 8. Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox

Skip three lines between each event.
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CHAPTER 17 THE TIDE OF WAR TURNSSection 3 The
North Wins

• Today we will trace the war from Gettysburg to
  Appomattox.

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Vocabulary

• inaugural address speech given by a
  newly-elected president
• platform statement of what a political party
  stands for
• malice hatred or hard feelings

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Check for Understanding

• What are going to do today?
• Who gives an inaugural address?
• Why doesnt Mr. Thomas feel malice toward you?

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What We Already Know

• Lees defeat at Gettysburg made Confederate hopes
  for victory seem unlikely.

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What We Already Know

• Before Vicksburg fell in July 1863, nearly all
  the major battles of the Civil War had been
  fought in Virginia or Tennessee, leaving the Deep
  South untouched by war.

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What We Already Know

• Because of his successes in the Western Theater,
  especially at the Siege of Vicksburg, Ulysses S.
  Grant was appointed commander of the Union armies
  by President Lincoln.

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Shermans Total War

• September 1864 Sherman took Atlanta, then set
  out on a march to the sea, cutting a path of
  destruction up to 60 miles wide and 300 miles
  long through Georgia.
• Total war not only against enemy troops, but
  against everything that supports the enemy

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Shermans Total War

• His troops tore up rail lines, destroyed crops,
  and burned and looted towns.

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Despite a desperate defense led by Confederate
general Joe Johnston, the city of Atlanta finally
fell to Shermans siege.

• Shermans triumph in Atlanta would be especially
  important for President Lincoln.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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Who was William Tecumseh Sherman?

1. Confederate general
2. Led troops on the March to the Sea
3. Replaced Grant after Vicksburg
4. Captured Atlanta
5. Waged total war against civilians

Choose all that describe Sherman!
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37. How did General William T. Sherman wage total
war against the South during his March to the Sea?
Choose all that are true!
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37. How did General William T. Sherman wage total
war against the South during his March to the Sea?

1. His men lived off the land, taking anything they
   wanted from Confederate civilians' homes.
2. He burned farms and towns, and destroyed Southern
   railroads wherever he went.
3. He laid siege to Petersburg, but failed to take
   it.
4. He captured cities like Atlanta and Savannah.
5. He set up new governments in defeated Confederate
   cities.

Choose all that are true!
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Lincolns Re-election

• In 1864, the president was running for
  reelection, but many Northerners were tired of
  war.
• Democrats nominated George McClellan, who ran on
  an antiwar platform.

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Lincolns Re-election

• Because of Shermans successful march through the
  South, Northerners could sense a Union victory
  could become a reality.
• Lincoln won with 55 percent of the popular vote
  in the November election.

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Lincolns Second Inaugural Address

• Lincoln hoped for a speedy end to the war, and in
  his speech, he spoke of his desire for the nation
  to make it easier for the South to surrender and
  return to the Union.

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Lincolns Second Inaugural Address

• With malice towards none with charity for all
  . . . let us strive on to finish the work we are
  in to bind up the nations wounds . . . to do
  all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a
  lasting peace.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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38. Why were Shermans victories important for
Lincoln?
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38. Why were Shermans victories important for
Lincoln?

1. They ended Lee's second invasion of the North.
2. They ended Southern hopes of European diplomatic
   recognition and foreign aid.
3. They proved that Sherman was the general Lincoln
   needed.
4. They helped him win reelection in 1864.

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39. In his Second Inaugural Address, what message
did Lincoln send about the next task facing the
nation?
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39. In his Second Inaugural Address, what message
did Lincoln send about the next task facing the
nation?

1. He called on the nation to utterly destroy the
   Southern economy.
2. He called on the nation to finish the war and
   forgive the South for causing it.
3. He called on the nation to make the Southern
   states pay for their decision to secede.
4. He called on the nation to make all the
   sacrifices necessary to win the war.

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Grants Virginia Campaign

• Since May 1864, Grant and his generals had been
  fighting battle after battle, all the while
  moving south toward Richmond.

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Grants Virginia Campaign

• In the Battle of the Wilderness (May, 1864) Union
  and Confederate forces fought in a tangle of
  trees and brush so thick that they could barely
  see each other.
• Fire broke out during the battle, and some of the
  wounded burned to death.
• Grant lost over 17,000 men, but pushed on.

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Grants Virginia Campaign

• Grants strategy involved pressing Lee without
  letting up, forcing him to use up men and
  supplies.

At the Battle of Cold Harbor (June, 1864), the
union lost 7,000 casualties, most in the first
few minutes of battle.
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Grants Virginia Campaign

• Grants forces continued to press on toward
  Richmond, with Lees troops trying to retreat as
  slowly as possible.
• But while Grant could always call for fresh
  supplies and reinforcements, every skirmish
  weakened Lees ability to continue fighting.

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Petersburg (June, 1864)

• Unable to break through the rebel defenses, the
  Union forces dug trenches and settled in for a
  ten-month siege at Petersburg, outside Richmond.
• With Grant tightening his noose around Richmond,
  Lee pulled out eventually, and the city fell on
  April 3, 1865.

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Surrender at Appomattox

• Lee wanted to keep fighting, but he knew that his
  situation was hopeless.
• He sent a message to General Grant that he was
  ready to surrender.

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Surrender at Appomattox

• On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant met in the small
  Virginia town of Appomattox Court House to
  arrange the surrender.

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Surrender at Appomattox

• Grant offered generous terms of surrender.
• After giving up their arms, Lees men could
  return home with their private possessions and
  horses.

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Surrender at Appomattox

• Grant gave food to the Confederate soldiers.
• After four long years, the Civil War was coming
  to a close.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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40. How did Grant force Lee to surrender?
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40. How did Grant force Lee to surrender?

1. He cut off all of Lees possible routes of
   retreat from Antietam.
2. He surrounded Lee at Vicksburg.
3. He relentlessly attacked Lee's forces without
   letting up.
4. He threatened to execute Confederate prisoners of
   war.

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41. How did Grant treat Confederate soldiers
after the surrender at Appomattox Court House?
Choose all that are true!
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41. How did Grant treat Confederate soldiers
after the surrender at Appomattox Court House?

1. He held Confederate officers as prisoners of war.
2. He provided the rebel troops with food.
3. He allowed Lee's men to keep their mules and
   horses.
4. He let the Confederate troops return to their
   homes.
5. He exchanged them for Union soldiers captured by
   other Confederate forces.

Choose all that are true!