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America

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America s Immigration History The Great Migration 46 million left their homes. 56% came to the U.S. From 1880 to 1921, more than 23 million immigrants arrived in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: America


1
Americas Immigration History
2
The Great Migration
  • 46 million left their homes.
  • 56 came to the U.S.
  • From 1880 to 1921, more than 23 million
    immigrants arrived in America.
  • Few limits on immigration.

3
Demographics of Immigrants after 1880
  • Most immigrants came from Southern and Eastern
    Europe
  • Italians, Russians, Polish, Slovaks, Bulgarians,
    Hungarians, Greeks, Armenians
  • Young, male, spoke little or no English,
    unskilled, little money or education

4
Why Did They Leave Home?
  • Push 1 Lack of Work
  • Farmers laid off local farm laborers as their
    jobs could be performed more cheaply and easily
    by machines.
  • Craftspeople are unable to compete with factory
    production and need new employment.
  • Push 2 Rising Population
  • More people competing for fewer resources like
    land, food and jobs.
  • Push 3 Political and Religious Persecution
  • Jews in Russia

5
The Lure of America
  • Newspaper articles, and letters home said America
    was magical with lots of opportunity and
    riches.

6
The Lure of America
  • Business owners sent representatives overseas to
    recruit cheap labor.
  • Steamship companies were eager for passengers.
  • Both began to make marketing flyers to paint
    America as something it was not the streets are
    paved with gold.

7
Leaving the Homeland
  • Most families used up all the money they had
    getting to America.
  • Steamship fare ran from 65 to 100 per ticket.
  • Some had to travel hundreds of miles just to get
    to the coast.

8
The Journey to America
  • Immigrants boarded steamships carrying 2,000
    people.
  • Trip would take 8-14 days.
  • Most immigrants traveled in steerage compartments
    (storage).
  • Usually 1 toilet for every 50 -1,000 people.

9
Living Conditions in Steerage
  • Diseases spread on ships (smallpox and typhoid)
  • Very little food
  • Bed of donkeys breakfast
  • Very bad odor
  • Poor ventilation

10
Cabin Class
  • By the early 1900s, some steamships removed
    steerage areas, and replaced them with cabin
    class
  • Vast improvement over steerage
  • Had cabins, or small rooms, more toilets, dining
    rooms, a lounge.

11
Pick a Section!
  • Talk to your neighbor about important ideas from
    todays lecture. Be ready to share with the class!

12
Arrival in America
  • The Statue of Liberty (lady liberty)
  • Give us your tired, your poor, your huddled
    masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched
    refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the
    homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift up my lamp
    beside the golden door.
  • ElIis Island immigrant processing center
  • Checked for contagious or life-threatening
    diseases
  • Cholera, the plague, and typhoid
  • 1st class passengers were briefly questioned, and
    then allowed into America

13
Steerage Class Inspections
  • Steerage Class faced very rigorous inspection
    process.
  • Each person was given a tag with a number.
  • The inspections were designed to weed out
    immigrants they believed might require public
    assistance (mentally ill and the sick).
  • Inspections usually took 45 minutes per person,
    and were very intrusive

14
Steerage Class Inspections
  • After medical inspections, new arrivals awaited
    an interrogation.
  • Wait time for questioning could be anywhere from
    3 hours to one day.
  • Questions determined if the immigrant was coming
    to America for a legitimate reason, had a proper
    moral character, and was unlikely to become a
    ward of the state, or a violent revolutionary

15
Leaving Ellis Island
  • Most immigrants were allowed entrance to the U.S.
  • Only 2 were deported.
  • After 1921 however, more and more immigrants were
    deported following stricter immigration laws.
  • After the Island
  • Make travel plans, go to RR station, exchange ,
    mail letter back home, and/or stay in NY

16
  • Talk to your neighbor What was the typical
    immigrants experience at Ellis island?

17
Ethnic Enclaves
  • Most immigrants settled in urban areas
  • New York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia
  • Initially stayed with friends/relatives.
  • Lived in ethnic communities provided familiar
    customs, food, language, etc.

18
Where did they live?
  • Cities were not ready to handle the growing
    population.
  • Raw sewage (thats right, POOP!) overflowed into
    streets.
  • Housing was scarce.
  • Some lived in makeshift shanties built in
    alleyways.

19
Tenement Buildings
  • Those lucky enough to find housing lived in a
    tenement building.
  • 6-7 floors
  • Up to 1,231 people in a 120 room tenement (10
    ppl/room)
  • One shared bathroom per floor

20
Where did they work?
  • Most immigrants worked industrial jobs.
  • Provided lots of cheap labor for business owners.
  • Most were unskilled or semiskilled laborers, and
    uneducated.

21
Working Conditions
  • Families typically needed 16/week to survive,
    many immigrants were paid 4/week.
  • Kids were paid 1.25/week.
  • Worked 12-16 hours a day, 6 days/week

22
Improved Standard of Living
  • Nowhere there is heaven, everywhere misery, in
    America no good, but still better than in the
    old country.

23
American Nativism
  • Nativism is the preference for native born
    Americans.
  • Nativists believed that immigrants threatened
    the American way of life.
  • Believed immigrants took jobs away from real
    Americans, and are invading America.

24
Push for Immigrant Restrictions
  • Nativists lobbied to restrict the number of
    immigrants entering the U.S.
  • Called for a literacy test for all newcomers.
  • In 1921 Congress passed the Dillingham Bill set
    quotas for the number of immigrants entering the
    U.S. each year.

25
Pick a Section!
  • Talk to your neighbor about important ideas from
    todays lecture. Be ready to share with the class!
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