Evidence Base Camp: Day 2

1
Evidence Base Camp Day 2

• Practical Group Sessions
• Graham Cline National Police Library
• Mark Abram Research Unit
• Charmian Werren Research Unit

2
Research question

• What interventions have been shown to be
  effective in supporting individuals during an
  acute mental health crisis?

3
Session Outline

• Practical session
• Walk through of an example search
• Develop search terms for our question area
• Look at each tier of our search in turn
• Run search of combined terms

4
Recap
5
The process (in a nutshell)

1. Draft search terms/run searches
2. Draft sift criteria
3. Sift received abstracts
4. Request full papers
5. Read and grade papers
6. Write it up (synthesis)

6
Terms Results
Anywhere in the article Anywhere in the article
Domestic violence 597,000
Domestic abuse 32,500
Title only Title only
Domestic violence" 23,700
Domestic abuse 1,220
Published since 2000 (title only) Published since 2000 (title only)
Domestic violence" 13,200
Domestic abuse 822
Adding randomised controlled trial Adding randomised controlled trial
Domestic violence" 0
Domestic violence" 0
Adding experiment Adding experiment
Domestic violence" 32
Domestic abuse 0
Adding systematic review Adding systematic review
Domestic violence" 7
Domestic abuse 0

• Search terms are hugely important
• Todays session will really focus on our search
  terms and their impacts.
• Librarians and Researchers to help run live
  pilot searches
• Group work to build our search terms

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The Basics Boolean operators

• Boolean is a powerful tool and can be used to
  create quite complex searches. The standard
  Boolean operators are
• AND
• OR
• NOT (or AND NOT) (advanced users only!)
• Boolean is most effective when used in
  combination with
• PARENTHESES (round brackets)
• TRUNCATION e.g. politic
• WILDCARDS e.g. randomi?e
• DOUBLE QUOTES for "specific phrases"
• 1045

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Practical example of searching -What works in
preventing residential burglary?
9
Creating a search stringexample of domestic
violence
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Creating a Search String

• String should be based around the research
  question
• What works in the policing of public order?
• How can we reduce recidivism amongst sexual
  offenders?
• Each key aspect identified will then make up one
  Tier of the search.
• The tiers will then be combined to create the
  complete search string.

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Tiers

• There are often three tiers, but there can be as
  many or as few as the search requires.
• The standard way to create tiers is create lists
  of synonyms within a table, eg.

Tier 1 Frozen Dessert Tier 2 Wafer Tier 3 Syrup
Ice cream Froyo Sorbet Grannita Wafer Waffle Golden syrup Maple syrup Chocolate sauce Strawberry sauce
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Domestic violence example
Q What are the risks/ predictive factors
associated with domestic violence/ abuse?

• Tier 1. Domestic violence / Domestic abuse
• This is the main area of the search.

• Tier 2. Risk factors/ predictive factors
• These terms interact with the main subject of the
  search.

• Tier 3. Effectiveness / What works
• We want to capture evidence that is evaluative,
  rather than commentary.

• Tier 4. Policing (?)
• We may want to limit our search to factors for
  the police and policing, or we might decide we
  are interested in factors identified from
  healthcare or other potential partners.

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Building our search string using synonyms
Q What are the risks/ predictive factors
associated with domestic violence/ abuse?
Tier 1 Domestic violence/ abuse Tier 2 Risk/ predictive factors Tier 3 Effectiveness Tier 4 Policing
Domestic violence Domestic abuse Intimate partner violence Intimate-partner violence (hyphenated) Intimate partner femicide Spousal assault Partner violence Battered women Wife assault Repeated violence Couple violence Domestic murder Risk assessment Risk management Risk appraisal Risk of homicide Prediction of homicide Nursing assessment Lethality risk assessment Predicting/ predictive Dangerousness assessment Evaluation Assessment What works Impact Randomised controlled trial Trial Experiment Systematic review Police Policing Law Enforcement
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Turning synonyms into search terms

• ((Domestic OR Physical OR Emotional OR Familial
  OR Marital OR Spousal) AND (Abus OR violen OR
  control OR behav)) OR Coerc OR "domestic
  homicide" OR "marital rape" OR "intimate partner
  violence" OR "repeat victim" OR "womens refuge"
• C. 197,000 results
• 1130 - break

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Research question

• What interventions have been shown to be
  effective in supporting individuals during an
  acute mental health crisis?

• mental health crisis
• intervention
• acute
• police
• What Works/effective

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Factors in our question

• Tier 1 mental health crisis
• Tier 2 interventions
• Tier 3 acute
• Tier 4 police
• Tier 5 effective/What Works

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Tier 1 Synonyms metal health crisis

• Mental health crisis

• Mental health crisis
• 12-1215 in sub-groups
• 1215-1230 feedback to whole group

• ProQuest
• National Police Library catalogue
• http//library.college.police.uk
• Google....

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Lunch

• Afternoon session starts at 1315

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Tier 1 - Version 1 - ProQuest

• Search terms
• Mental ill health
• Mental illness
• Mental breakdown
• Nervous breakdown
• Psychotic crisis
• Psychotic episode
• Approximate numbers of hits

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Extra search terms

• Mental capacity
• Depressive episode
• Suicid
• Mental medical condition
• Unsound mind
• Mental disorder
• Psychiatric disorder
• Psychiatric condition
• Mental condition

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Even more search terms

• Depess
• Anxi
• PTSD
• Panic
• Bipolar
• Excited delirium

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Tier 1 - Version 2 - ProQuest

• Search terms
• Approximate number of hits

23
Tier 1 - Version 3 - ProQuest

• Search terms
• Approximate number of hits

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Tier 2 Synonyms intervention

• intervention

• intervention

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Tier 2 - Version 1 - ProQuest

• Search terms
• (tactic OR intervention OR strateg OR
  initiative OR procedure OR approach)
• Approximate number of hits 3.1 million

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Tier 2 - Version 2 - ProQuest

• Search terms
• Approximate number of hits

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Tier 2 - Version 3 - ProQuest

• Search terms
• Approximate number of hits

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Tier 3 Synonyms acute

• Acute
• Event
• Incident
• Trauma
• Mani

• acute
• Major
• Serious
• Severe
• Severity
• Violent
• Intense
• Emergency
• Distress
• Inpatient
• Detain
• critical

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Tier 3 - Version 1 - ProQuest

• Search terms
• (crisis OR crises OR emergency OR hysteria OR
  acute OR attack OR episode)
• Approximate number of hits 1 million

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Tier 4 Synonyms interventions

• Insert Established Terms for
• Tier 4 Police
• police OR policing OR "law enforcement"

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Tier 5 Synonyms What Works

• Insert Established Terms for
• Tier 5 WHAT WORKS
• ("systematic review" OR "literature review" OR
  trial OR "RCT" OR experiment OR evaluat OR
  "best practice" OR "good practice" OR
  effective OR assess OR "What Works" OR impact
  OR success)

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Initial merging of terms

• Version __ of Tier 1 Version __ of Tier 2
• c. _______ records
• Tier 3 c. _______ records
• Tier 4 c. _______ records
• Issues/ questions/ queries
• What surprised you, etc.

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This exercise

• Shows the value of systematically searching
• Shows the impact of having multiple tiers in our
  searches
• Gives us an idea of the number of articles that
  might be relevant to our research question
• At the next evidence base camp we will sift
  through the abstracts based on inclusion/
  exclusion criteria to identify the full papers to
  request for the review.
• www.college.police.uk/library
• library_at_college.pnn.police.uk

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Usual Synonyms

• intervention OR tactic OR strateg OR
  initiative OR procedure or approach
• ("systematic review" OR "literature review" OR
  trial OR "RCT" OR experiment OR evaluat OR
  "best practice" OR "good practice" OR
  effective OR assess OR "What Works" OR impact
  OR success)
• police OR policing OR "law enforcement"

35
Back-up Synonyms

• " mental health crisis " OR "psychotic episode"
  OR "extreme anxiety" OR " panic attack" OR
  (suicidal AND (behavior OR intent))
• crisis OR crises OR emergency OR hysteria OR
  acute OR attach OR episode or trauma?