Standard 13

1
Standard 13

• The student will identify major efforts to reform
  American society and politics in the Progressive
  Era.

2
A
3
Upton Sinclair

• He wrote The Jungle about the meatpacking
  industry.
• He was attempting to change the working
  conditions but instead changed the way that our
  country processed its meat.
• The government started to monitor the meatpacking
  industry after this point.

4
B
5
Social Reforms

• Settlement House workers like Jane Addams and
  Florence Kelly worked to get laws passed for
  social justice
• They lobbied for womens suffrage, better
  schools, juvenile courts, more liberal divorce
  laws, safety regulations for workers and tenements

6
Hull House

• It was created by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates
  Starr to provide services to the community.
• They believed that for social workers to be able
  to help a neighborhood or community they had to
  live in the area with the people they were trying
  to help.

7
C
8
Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. Dubois

• Created the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in
  1881.
• He urged his students to try and become skilled
  in a trade and to put aside the desires of
  political equality.
• He felt that African Americans would gain
  acceptance through economics in stead of
  politics.
• His message appealed to many African Americans
  and also calmed whites worries about educated
  African Americans trying to seek equality in
  society.

• Dubois argued that the brightest African
  Americans had to step forward to lead their
  people in their quest for political and social
  equality and civil rights.
• He wanted African Americans to get an advanced
  liberal arts education instead of getting a
  vocational education.
• He urged African Americans to take pride in both
  their African and American heritages.
• He worked closely with the National Association
  for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
• He became the best-known black leader of the
  early 20th century.

9
Jim Crow

• The system of legal segregation.

10
Plessy v. Ferguson

• The Supreme Court decision in 1896 that set up
  the idea of separate-but-equal.
• This decision allowed for legal segregation of
  blacks and whites.

11
Lynching

• It increased across the country as whites worked
  to keep African Americans from exercising their
  rights.
• Between 1882 and 1892, an estimated 1200 African
  Americans were lynched.

12
The NAACP worked hard throughout the time to try
and gain equality for African Americans.
13
D
14
The Muckrakers

• These forerunners to investigative journalists
  used the print media to spread news about the
  evils and ills of big business and corrupt
  government
• By 1910 the power of the muckrakers was in
  decline
• Banks that financed the magazines were telling
  them to tone down the criticism and also the
  sensationalism was getting tough to top
• Muckrakers included
• Ida Tarbell The history of Standard Oil
  Company (1902)
• Lincoln Steffans Shame of the Cities (1904)
• Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives (1890)
• Frank Norris The Octopus and The Pit- Novels

15
E
16
Political Reforms in the Cities and States

• Changes in Voter Participation
• Secret Ballot- by 1910 all states were holding
  secret ballots
• Direct Primaries- candidates are chosen by party
  members voting instead of by party bosses
• Direct election of U.S. Senators- the 17th
  Amendment required direct election of Senators
• Initiative, Referendum, Recall-
• Initiative- voters can force a bill to be
  considered
• Referendum- Voters directly decide on a proposed
  law
• Recall- Voters can remove corrupt or
  unsatisfactory politicians

17
Tenements

• These were crowded apartment buildings with poor
  standards of sanitation, safety, and comfort.
• As numerous tenements were built in an area it
  would become a slum.
• Disease and fire were constant threats.

18
Jacob Riis

• Riis was a writer who documented the tenement
  conditions in his book, How the Other Half Lives.
• Due to the graphic nature of his writing and the
  pictures he had of the tenements, he was able to
  get New York State to pass the first laws to
  improve tenements.

19
Homework

• Page 516 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 13
• Page 542 1, 3, 5, 9, and 10
• Page 582 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 14, 15, and 16
• You do not need to write out the questions.