MYSTERIES OF EARTH and MARS

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MYSTERIES OF EARTHAND MARSUnit OnePhysical
Science(or, getting there from here)

• An Overview By
• - Jack Forristel -

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Unit One Content

• Article 1.1 - Destination Mars
• Article 1.2 - Energizing An Orbiter
• Article 1.3 - Building A Rover
• Article 1.4 - Water -
  Water ....Nowhere

• Activity 1.1 - Build A Rocket
• Activity 1.2 - Facts Of Friction
• Activity 1.3 - Safe Landing
• Activity 1. 4 - Properties Of
  Salt/Fresh Water

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Science Topics Covered

• Orbits
• Gravity
• Newton's Laws Of Motion
• Force
• Mass
• Energy
• Potential Energy
• Kinetic Energy
• Energy Transfer
• Conservation Of Energy
• Friction
• Design (Considerations)
• Engineering Constraints
• Properties Of Water
• Phase Changes
• Atmospheric Pressure

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When To Shoot

• Closest _at_ 69M Km on 10/27/05?
• Furthest _at_ 390M Km on 9/27/06?
• Considerations
• - Daylight at   launch/arrival
• - Wx at launch
• - Solar activity
• - Flight time
• - Length of flight
• - On on on on

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ORBITAL MECHANICS
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ORBITAL MECHANICS
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ORBITAL MECHANICS
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Trajectory To Landing
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27 August, 2003Closest to earth in thousands of
years56M Km
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9/23/05 Positions
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SIR ISAAC NEWTON1642 - 1727

• Graduated from Cambridge University WITHOUT
  DISTINCTION.
• At age 23, began formulating his (1) Law of
  Universal Gravitation, (2) Calculus, (3) extended
  Galileo's work, (4) developed his 3 laws of
  motion and, (5), clarified the nature of light.

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ISAAC NEWTON1642 - 1727

• When asked how he was able to make so many
  discoveries, he replied that he found his
  solutions to problems not by sudden insight but
  by thinking very long and hard about them until
  he worked them out.
• (I wish I had thought this way when I was a
  college student. May have helped.)

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NEWTONS FIRST LAW OF MOTION

• A body at rest or in uniform motion will remain
  at rest or in uniform motion unless some external
  force is applied to it.
• Often referred to as thelaw of inertia.

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NEWTONS SECOND LAW OF MOTION

• The net force on an object is equal to the
  product of its acceleration and its mass.
• F ma
• One of the most famous formulas in our world.

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NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION

• To every action force there is an equal and
  opposite reaction force.
• Sometimes called the law of momentum.
• M mv

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NEWTONS LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION

• Every mass attracts every other mass with a
  force that, for any two masses, is directly
  proportional to the product of the masses and
  inversely proportional to the square of the
  distance separating them.
• F m1m2/d2

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FORCE(Any influence that can cause an object to
be accelerated)

• Typical Forces
• Gravity
• Friction
• Turning moments
• Pressure
• Balanced
• Unbalanced

• Can Make Things
• Speed up
• Slow down
• Change direction
• Change shape
• Turn
• Change Size
• Change Temperature

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ENERGY

• POTENTIAL energy is stored energy. It is there,
  it is available, it is useable.
• KINETIC energy is the energy of motion.
  Falling and moving bodies posses kinetic energy.

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MORE ABOUT ENERGY
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AEROBRAKING

• A technique used by spacecraft in which it
  uses drag within a planetary atmosphere to reduce
  its velocity relative to the planet. This
  removes a large amount of kinetic energy over a
  short period of time, most of which is converted
  into heat by shock heating the air ahead of the
  spacecraft.

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AEROBRAKINGGlobal Surveyor
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS(Going-Landing-Roving)

• Structures (weight/strength)
• Energy (how much, what kind when)
• Heating (going, entry, roving)
• Pressures (dynamic, atmospheric, gravity)
• Radiation (thermal, EMS)
• Others

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NEXT A FILM

• THEN FLY A ROCKET

FOLLOWED BY DROPPING EGGS
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From Here To There Via Newton (and others)