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Chapter Two and Chapter Three

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Chapter Two and Chapter Three Objectives What is Motion? Measuring Motion Artstotle s views Horizontal versus Vertical Motion Newton s Laws of Motion Momentum ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter Two and Chapter Three


1
Chapter Two and Chapter Three
2
Objectives
  • What is Motion?
  • Measuring Motion
  • Artstotles views
  • Horizontal versus Vertical Motion
  • Newtons Laws of Motion
  • Momentum
  • Circular Motion
  • Law of Gravition

3
Motion and Measuring Motion
  • Change in position
  • Passage of time
  • Measuring Motion
  • Speed
  • Distance/time
  • Instantaneous versus Average
  • Velocity
  • Acceleration
  • Change of velocity/ time
  • Acceleration versus Deacceleration

4
Motion Examples
  • Speed Example 2.1
  • Acceleration Example 2.3

5
Aristotles Views
  • Two spheres
  • Sphere of perfection versus Sphere of change
  • Natural versus Forced Motion
  • Elements earth, air, fire, and water
  • Reqired force by people
  • Could not explain interaction at a distance

6
Horizontal versus Vertical Motion
  • Horizontal
  • Leaning Tower of Pisa
  • Rolling Balls
  • Inertia
  • Vertical
  • Free fall
  • Galileo versus Aristotle
  • Constant versus Accelerating objects

7
Horizontal versus Vertical (cont.)
  • Vertical (cont.)
  • D(1/2)at2
  • Confirmed with rolling ball
  • Ag9.8 m/s2
  • T?(2d/g)
  • Compound Motion
  • A combination of vertical and horizontal motion

8
Newtons Laws of Motion
  • Edmund Halley
  • Christmas Day, 1642
  • Trinity College, Cambridge
  • Halley Principia, planetary motion
  • Well accepted

9
Newtons First Law of Motion
  • Every object retains it state of motion of its
    stat of uniform straight-line motion unless acted
    up by an unbalanced force
  • Inertia
  • Mass

10
Newtons Second Law of Motion
  • The acceleration of an object is directly
    proportional to the net force acting on it and
    inversely proportional to the mass of the object
  • Weight is a force
  • F ma

11
Newtons Third Law of Motion
  • Whenever two objects interact, the force exerted
    on one object is equal in size and opposite in
    direction to the force exerted on the other
    object
  • Example Standing on the Floor
  • FAB FBA

12
Newton Examples
  • Second Law Example 3.1
  • Third Law Example 3.5

13
Momentum
  • The total momentum of a group of interacting
    objects remains the same in the absence of
    external forces
  • Pmv
  • Unusual
  • P gives no clues
  • Kg m/s has no other name

14
Circular Motion
  • Centripetal versus Centrifugal
  • No true Centrifugal
  • All circular motion inside
  • acv2/r
  • Fmv2/r

15
Newtons Laws of Gravitation
  • Every object in the universe is attractedto
    every other object with a force that is directly
    proportional to the product of their masses
  • F GM1M2/R2
  • G 6.67 X 10-11 Nm2/kg2

16
Force and Gravitation Examples
  • Circular Motion Example 3.7
  • Gaviation Example 3.9, 3.10

17
Homework
  • Chapter Two
  • Questions for Thought
  • 1, 6, 9
  • Parallel Exercise
  • 3, 5
  • Chapter Three
  • Questions for Thought
  • 1, 4, 9
  • Parallel Exercise
  • 4, 10
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