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The Labor Union Movement

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The Labor Union Movement Early Struggles, Early Defeats Labor Union A formal organization of workers with several goals Better wages Better conditions Less Hours Job ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Labor Union Movement


1
The Labor Union Movement
  • Early Struggles, Early Defeats

2
Labor Union
  • A formal organization of workers with several
    goals
  • Better wages
  • Better conditions
  • Less Hours
  • Job Security

3
2 Types
  • Trade (Craft) Unions only skilled workers
  • Industrial Unions all skilled and unskilled
    workers in an industry

4
Wage Earners
  • By 1900
  • 2/3 of workers were wage earners
  • 10 hour days
  • 6 day weeks
  • Subsistence level wages
  • Supply (high -immigrants) demand
  • David Ricardo iron law of wages

5
Women
  • Workingmens earnings insufficient
  • Women children needed to increase household
    earnings
  • 1/5 women worked for wages
  • Textile, garment, food processing
  • Clerical work becomes feminized gtgt wages and
    status fall

6
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7
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8
Power of Big Business
  • Lockouts
  • Blacklists
  • Yellow-dog Contracts
  • Private Armies
  • State Militias
  • Court Injunctions

9
Great RR Strike of 1877
  • Depression gtgt wage cuts gtgt BO RR strike spread
    along the track gtgt ½ million other workers join
    in gtgt Pres. Hayes calls out Fed Troops gtgt 100
    killed
  • Results
  • A few companies made concessions
  • Most companies set out to break the unions

10
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11
Knights of Labor
  • Inclusive
  • Male Female
  • Black? White
  • Skilled Unskilled
  • 1870s-1886
  • Terence V. Powderly
  • Abolish child labor, trusts monopolies
  • Establish workers cooperatives

12
Haymaker Bombing
  • 1886 in Chicago
  • 1st May Day celebration
  • General strike for 8hr workday gtgt violence at
    McCormicks Harvester plant gtgt workers hold
    public meeting on May 4 gtgt police sent to break
    up gtgt seven officers killed by bomb (anarchists)
  • Result Knights loose popularity membership

13
AFL (American Federation of Labor)
  • Moderate Union
  • Skilled Workers
  • Collective Bargaining
  • Strikes
  • 1890-1915
  • Raises began to rise
  • Hours fell
  • Samuel Gompers

14
Samuel Gompers
15
1890s
  • Homestead Strike - 1892
  • Carnegies Homestead Steel Plant
  • 20 wage cut
  • Lockout, private guards strikebreakers (scabs)
    defeat steel unions
  • Steel workers crushed until New Deal (1930s)

16
1890s Cont
  • Pullman Strike 1894
  • Wage cuts, fired union leaders
  • gtgtEugene Debs (American RR Union) directs RR
    workers not to handle Pullman cars
  • gtgt traffic halted nationwide
  • gtgt Pres. Cleveland orders troops to keep mail
    trains running gtgt injunction issued
  • gtgt Debs arrested for ignoring injunction gtgt
    later forms Socialist Party in 1900

17
Radical Solutions
  • Socialist Party Eugene Debs

18
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19
Radical Solutions Worldwide Union?
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