The Aftermath of the Seven Years War

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The Aftermath of the Seven Years War
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Treaty of Paris

• The war continued for another three years after
  the Battle on the Plains of Abraham.
• The capture of Quebec brought about the end of
  the French empire in North America.
• New France was transferred to Britain by the
  Treaty of Paris in 1763.
• England now controlled a vast area of North
  America, including the rich fur lands of the Ohio
  Valley and the Great Lakes.

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Pontiacs Rebellion

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vwxbipcZ-ee4

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Pontiacs Rebellion

• The Treaty of Paris did not include any
  negotiations with the Aboriginal Peoples of North
  America.
• Many Natives allied with the French.
• The British were expanding into French territory
  (Ohio River Valley)
• They came to settle and change the hunting
  grounds to farms.
• The native way of life was in danger.

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Pontiacs Rebellion

• The Ottawa warriors gathered in a council of war
  to hear Pontiacs message.
• Why do you allow the white man to live among
  you? Why do you forget the ways of your
  ancestors? Why do you not become true Indians
  once more?
• You have bought guns, knives, kettles and
  blankets from the white men. Now you think you
  cannot do without them. What is worse, you have
  drunk the poison firewater that turns you into
  fools.
• Fling all these things away. Clothe yourselves
  in skins, and use the bows and arrows, like your
  ancestors did.
• As for these English, you must lift the hatchet
  against them!

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Pontiacs Rebellion

• Several Indian chiefs and spiritual leaders
  decided to combat European colonization.
• By June of 1763, Pontiacs multi-tribal alliance
  controlled nine of the twelve British held forts
  west of the Appalachian Mountains.

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Pontiac's War Region
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Pontiacs Rebellion Germ Warfare

• Lord Jeffrey Amherst - Commanding general of
  British forces in North America during the final
  battles
• smallpox-infected blankets used as germ warfare
  against the natives.

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Pontiacs Rebellion Germ Warfare

• Stated in a letter... Captain Simeon Ecuyer had
  bought time by sending smallpox-infected blankets
  and handkerchiefs to the Indians surrounding the
  fort.
• This was an early example of biological warfare
  -- which started an epidemic among them.
• Amherst himself had encouraged this tactic in a
  letter to Ecuyer.

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Pontiacs Rebellion

• Despite the fact that British reinforcements
  re-took the forts, King George issued a
  proclamation forbidding
• colonists from settling west of the
  mountains.
• The Royal Proclamation of 1763 upset crowded
  colonists hungry for more land, pushing America
  closer to Revolution.

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Aftermath Pontiacs Rebellion

• British forces were depleted, tired.
• Debt as a result of the recently won war.
• The crown owed 146 million pounds in 1763.

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The Office of James Murray

• Governor of the colony in Quebec
• Four possible plans of the British after the war
• Expulsion Remove all French settlers from
  Quebec
• Anglicization Change the way of life of the
  French so they would think, talk and act like
  English people.
• French System Keep Quebec much as it had been
  under French control. Hope the French would
  accept British rule.
• Separation Divide Quebec into separate parts
  one for French (who were already present), one
  for English (willing to move in).

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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 Anglicization

• At first, the colony of Quebec was to be given an
  English lifestyle.
• Governor Murray ordered the change over to
  English laws, language, schools, churches and
  government.
• Quebec was to be like Britains other colonies in
  North America.
• The English were forbidden to claim land beyond
  the Proclamation Line (western limit).
• The fur traders had to have licenses before going
  into native territory.

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The British Proclamation Line of 1763
- The line ran the length of the Appalachian
Mountain Range from Me. to Ga. - Many
settlements already existed beyond the line. They
were now on their own. - Colonists wanted to
settle these areas as the older colonies grew and
more space was needed. Many of them were
resentful and opposed this British law. - Many of
these colonists were retired veterans of the
Seven Years War that had been promised land as
part of the pension for their service. -
Animosity toward British rule increased and talk
of independence was growing.