Title: Today:
1Today
- Our First Presentations!
- Macroevolution ? Diversity!
- Onto Prokaryotes
- Meeting the Protists
- Overview of Fungi?
2Thinking About Macroevolution
Whats a species??
3Defining a Species the Biological Species
Concept
??
- Defines a species as
- a population (s) whose members can potentially
interbreed in nature to produce viable, fertile
offspring, but who cant produce viable, fertile
offspring with members of other species
4Barriers leading to Biological Species
- Barriers can be
- PREZYGOTIC
- or
- POSTZYGOTIC
You Try Part 1
5How New Species Can Form
Examples?
6Next Studying the Resulting Diversity of
Life!Taxonomy and the Prokaryotes
Photo Pete Owens
7A Bit of Taxonomy
8Studying Diversity Taxonomy
- Domain (Eukarya)
- Kingdom (Animalia)
- Phylum (Chordata)
- Class (Mammalia)
- Order (Primata)
- Genus (Homo)
- Species (sapiens)
9Looking at the Prokaryotes
10Where Did the First Life Come From?
Spontaneous Generation?? Biogenesis?
Photo NIH
11Where Did the First Life Come From?
- Step 1 Abiotic Synthesis of Organic Monomers
Hey look! Ive got amino acids, sugars, lipids
and nucleotides in here!!
12Where Did the First Life Come From?
- Step 2 Abiotic Synthesis of Polymers (like
proteins and nucleic acids)
Binding to clay particles may have helped
facilitate this in the absence of enzymes!
13Where Did the First Life Come From?
- Step 3 Origin of Self-Replication Molecules
14Where Did the First Life Come From?
- Step 4 Formation of Pre-Cells (Protobionts)
15What Did the First Life Look Like?
- Prokaryotes show up in the fossil record 3.5
billion years ago!
16Prokaryotes Today Major Characteristics
17Prokaryotes Today Major Characteristics
Bacteria in a dental plague
How do we know that if theyre so small?!? You
try Part 2
Bacteria on the surface of a contact lens.
18Prokaryotes Today Major Characteristics
- Two Major Groups
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- (Extremophiles)
19Prokaryotes Today Major Characteristics
- Three Major Shapes/Morphologies
- Cocci
- Bacilli
- Spirochetes
20Prokaryotes Today Major Characteristics
- Nutritionally Diverse! May be
- Photoautotrophic
- Chemoautotrophic
- Photoheterotrophic
- Chemoheterotrophic
All of these terms describe how you get your
energy (chemical or light source) and where you
get your carbon compounds (make them yourself, or
eat others!)
21Prokaryotes Today Major Characteristics
- Important as Disease Causing Agents!
- Many cause disease through the production of
endotoxins or exotoxins
22Prokaryotes Today Major Characteristics
- Important as Nutrient Cyclers!
23Next Up Evolution of the Protistans!
What the heck is a Protist?!?
24Evolution of the Protistans
25Diversity of the Protistans
1. The Protozoans animal like protists
- Single-celled, animal-like eukaryotes
- Free-living and parasitic in moist environments
- Can reproduce sexually or asexually
- Some famous Protozoans Giardia and Tyrpanosoma
Giardia lamblia trophozoites, as they appear with
the scanning electron microscope. Original image
by Arturo Gonzalez, CINVESTAV, Mexico.
26Diversity of the Protistans
2. The Slime Molds (Fungus-like Protists)
27Diversity of the Protistans
3. The Unicellular Algae
- Most are components of phytoplankton (basis of
food webs global carbon sink!)
28The Protistans The Single-Celled Algae
- Famous Single-Celled Algae Red Tide, Pfiesteria
Source www.redtide.whoi.edu www.pfeisteria.org
29Diversity of the Protistans
4. The Multicellular Algae
- Three major groups
- Red Algae
- Brown Algae
- Green Algae
You Try Part 3
30Next Up Going Multicellular and Heading for
Land!
You Try Part 4
31Onto the Fungi Major Characteristics
- HETEROTROPHIC
- (use organic compounds for energy)
- Can be SAPROBES (nutrients from nonliving organic
matter) or PARASITES (extract nutrients from a
living host) - EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
- EUKARYOTIC
32The Fungi General Layout
33The Fungi General Layout
34The Major Fungi Groups
35The Zygomycetes
Pilobolus- decomposes animal dung!
Mycorrhizae
36The Club Fungi (Basidiomycetes)
- Mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs and rusts
- Important decomposers of wood and plant material
- Plant Pathogens!
37Fairy Rings
38LichensA Fungal Lifestyle
39Lichens A Fungal Lifestyle
40Other Amazing Fungi
Mycorrhizae
Pilobolus-