Unit 3 Classification

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Unit 3 Classification
axonomy
T
Science dealing with the classification of
organisms
Biologists use classification to organize living
things into groups so that the organisms are
easier to study.
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These beetles belong to a large insect collection
in a natural history museum. They have been
classified according to characteristics they
share. Observing What characteristics may have
been used to group these beetles?
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Organisms Classified by

• Structural Similarities

• Biochemical Similarities

• Cytological Similarities

• Embryological Similarities

• Behavioral Similarities

• Fossil Record

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Basic Classification Groups
Kingdom
(most general)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
(most specific)
Species
Species
Organisms that can mate and produce fertile
offspring
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LINNAEAN  CLASSIFICATION  OF  HUMANS
Kingdom   Animalia     Phylum   Chordata
(animals with back bones)        Class  
Mammalia (with hair, females produce
milk)          Order   Primates (apes,
monkeys) Family   Hominidae (with
extinct neanderthal)                   
Genus   Homo (Same)                        
Species   sapiens (Man)
You see, at every step down the classification
ladder, the thing that we are is narrowed down.
At first we're just animals. Then the phylum
grouping separates us from all animals without
backbones, such as sponges, insects, and worms.
On down the ladder we go until we land at the
species, and at that point we know that we're
just talking about one kind of animal, and that
animal is us.
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Five Kingdom System
Animal
Plant
Protista
Monera
Fungi
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Animal Kingdom

• Multicellular

• Heterotrophic

• Eukaryotes

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Plant Kingdom

• Multicellular

• Photosynthetic

• Autotrophic

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Protista

• Unicellular

• Eukaryotic Cells

(have membrane bound organelles)

• Examples paramecium, amoeba, euglena

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Monera

• Unicellular

• Prokaryotic Cells

(no membrane bound organelles)

• Examples bacteria, blue green algae

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Fungi

• Most multicellular (except yeast)

• Have cell walls, but not chloroplasts

• Absorbs nutrients from environment
• (heterotrophic)

• Examples yeast, bread mold, mushrooms

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Nomenclature
Examples
Felis domesticus
Method of naming an organism
Felis leo

• Binomial System

Felis tigeris
Canis lupis

• Developed by Carl Linnaeus

Canis familiaris
Rules
Homo erectus

• Genus and species name make up
• scientific name

Homo sapien

• Names usually in latin

• Genus is capitalized, species lower case

• Name is either italicized or
• underlined separately

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Dichotomous/Taxonomic Key
Tool used to classify an organism using 2 traits
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Create a dichotomous key for these creatures with
your 4 oclock buddy