Theories of the origin of the Universe

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Solar System
Large planetary system consisting of a
combination of many smaller planetary systems and
objects
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Constellation of Capricorn Photographed by the
Hubble Space Telescope -- is made up of one large
spiral galaxy, an elliptical galaxy and at least
one smaller spiral.
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History of Astronomy
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Milky Way Galaxy
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Greeks and Romans
Looked to the Sky for their Gods All Planets
named after Roman Gods Except Earth Identified
7-Wandering Stars 5-Planets, Sun, Moon
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Geocentric Model
GREEKS AND ROMANS BELIEVED WE WERE THE CENTER OF
THE UNIVERSE Ptolemy Greek astronomer that
created the GEOCENTRIC MODEL
GEOCENTRIC MODEL Earth at Center of Universe
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Heliocentric Model
Heliocentric model puts Sun at Center of
Universe In 1543Polish Astronomer Named
Copernicus was First to Publish his
beliefs. Many peopleEspecially the Church were
not
happy!!
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Galileo
DID NOT DISCOVER TELESCOPE First to see Jupiter's
moons 4- of them!! Observed Venuss phases
Proved Heliocentric Model was Correct Observed
the moons craters and seas
Like everyone else
Galileo thought orbits were ROUND!
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Kepler
Kepler created the motion of elliptical orbits.
Elliptical orbits are oval shapedNOT perfect
circles Like many before himHis Ideas were met
by non-believers
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Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton concluded that Inertia and
Gravity kept planets in orbit ORBIT Path an
object takes as it REVOLVES around another
object INERTIA tendency for an object in
motion to remain in motionOR an object at rest to
remain at rest GRAVITY Force that pulls one
object towards another
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Gravity Inertia
ORBIT Path an object takes as it REVOLVES
around another object INERTIA tendency for an
object in
motion to remain in motion
OR an object at rest to remain
at rest
GRAVITY Force that pulls one
object towards another
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Rotation vs. Revolution
ROTATION (DAY) Spinning motion about an axis
REVOLUTION (YEAR) The movement of one object
around another object
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Terrestial Planets
These planets have Solid Surfaces 3 out of 4
have Atmosphere. They are Smaller in Size and
Diameter Less Dense than the Jovial Planets
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Mercury
Distance from Sun 58 million km Named After the
Roman messenger of Gods MOST Extreme
temperatures 430 C During Day -170C at
Night Very Similar to moon
NO atmosphere NO
Erosion Many
Craters Largest is
Caloris Basin
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Venus
Distance from Sun 108 million km Named After the
Roman God of Love HOTTER than Mercury
Green house Gases Very Similar to Earth
in Size Has Atmosphere
THICK CLOUDS Reflect a lot of Light Most
Circular Orbit Retrograde
Rotation Few craters Relatively young
surfaces. Due to Volcanic Activity and Weather
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Earth
Distance from Sun 150 million km ONLY Planet NOT
Named for Roman God Moderate Temperatures Tilted
23.5
This Tilt allows us to have seasons! In
summer when closest to sun In
winter when farthest to sun ONLY Planet known to
have life Has Atmosphere Few craters Relatively
young surfaces. Due to Volcanic Activity and
Weather 1-Moon
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Mars
Distance from Sun 228 million km Named After the
Roman God of War Due to Red Color Iron Oxide in
Soil (RUST) Mt. Olympus Largest Volcano in Solar
System Valles Marineris Largest Canyons in Solar
System Has Atmosphere Evidence of Water in Past
Old Craters Older Surface 2-Moons
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Gaseous Planets or Jovial Planets
These Planets are Composed of GAS All 4 have an
Atmosphere. They are MUCH LARGER DENSER than
the Terrestrial Planets
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Jupiter
Distance from Sun 778 million km Named After
ZeusKing of the Gods LARGEST Storm in Solar
System (Hurricane) The Red Spot Very Similar to
SUN Hydrogen and Helium Has
Atmosphere 63-Moons Europa believed to have
Water Visited by Voyager 1 and 2
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Saturn
Distance from Sun 1,427 million km Named After
Roman God of Agriculture Largest and Brightest
Rings in Solar System TITAN Moon with Atmosphere
Has Shepherd Moons Moons that keep rings
together Has Atmosphere Has 60 Moons and 7
Rings Visited by Voyager 1 and 2
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Uranus
Distance from Sun 2871 million km Named After
Roman God Father of the Titans Similar to
Jupiter only FROZEN made from Hydrogen and Helium
Has 4-Seasons,atmosphere Rotates on its
side. Known as the Windy Planet 1100 mph Has 22
Moons and Faint Rings
Visited by Voyager 2
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Neptune
Distance from Sun 4497 million km Named After
Roman God of the Seas Similar to Uranus Has 11
Moons and Faint Rings Has Atmosphere Discovered
by TWO astronomers before it was actually
seen Visited by Voyager 2
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Planets
Mercury Venus Earth Mars
Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Gas or Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial
Terrestrial Terrestrial Gas
Gas Gas Gas
Atmosphere NO YES YES
YES YES YES
YES YES
Moon 0 O
1 2 63
60 22
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Diameter 4880 km 12104 km 12756 km
6787 km 142800 120600 51118
49532
Rotation 59 243
24hr 24 hrs 9 hrs
10 hrs 24 hrs 6 days

56min 37 min 55min
14min 9 hrs
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Name _____________ Period _____
Solar System Facts
Planet Surface Distance From Sun Diameter Atmosphere Number of Moons High / Low Temperature Rotation Period (Day) Revolution Period (Year) Fun Fact
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Acronym My very educated mother just served us
noodles! Know create your own! ___________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________________
___________
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Comets
COMETS are Dirty Snowballs Ice and Dust
leftovers from the formation of our solar system
around 4.6 billion years ago. COMETS provide us
with important clues about the formation of our
solar system.
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Comets
COMETS ORIGINATE FROM WAY OUT PAST PLUTO
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Asteroids
ASTEROIDS are rocky leftovers from the formation
of our solar system around 4.6 billion years ago.
ASTEROIDS are found in the Asteroid Belt found
between Mars and Jupiter. OVER 90,000 Known to
Exist with many more found every year
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Meteors
A METEOROID is a small piece of dust or rock
flying through our Solar System. IF IT ENTERS
OUR ATMOSPHEREIT is called a METEORa "shooting
star" IF IT REACHES THE GROUND it is then called
a METEORITE.