MATERIALS by Ikmalzatul Abdullah

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MATERIALSby Ikmalzatul Abdullah
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CONTENTS

• Brief notes on
• Durability
• Properties
• Performance of materials used in buildings.

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DURABILITY AND RESISTANCE TO DEGRADATION

• The correct choice of materials for intended
  usage is the most important factor to minimize
  defects and failures.
• Durability is a general term describing the
  resistance of a material against
• Decay
• Wear
• The action of the atmosphere
• The slower of the deterioration process, the
  greater is the durability.

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Contd

• Durability, then depends on factors such as
  exposure to the weather (rain, frost and suns
  radiation).
• Chemicals in the air and soil can also strongly
  affect the durability of materials.
• The degradation process in building materials can
  also be caused biologically.
• Degradation mechanisms physical, chemical and
  biological process.

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Contd

• Water plays important part in the failure of
  building materials.
• Problems associated with water include
• Corrosion of metals
• Decay of organic materials
• Reduction of strength
• To minimize the maintenance costs, the materials
  used should have durability consistent with the
  expected lifetime of the building.

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FACTORS TO CHOOSE THE MATERIALS

• Other factors to be considered in choosing the
  materials besides durability and the resistance
  to degradation are
• Properties
• Cost
• Availability
• Environmental considerations
• Ease of working
• Appearance

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PROPERTIES

• Certain properties of materials affect the
  resistance to degradation.
• A good knowledge of the properties is important
  in deciding the fitness for the purpose.

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COST

• A primary consideration.
• Not only the chosen materials have the required
  properties, the also must be affordable.

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AVAILABILITY

• A major consideration when choosing materials for
  construction.
• Can be a problems when there is a local,
  national, or worldwide shortage.
• When the shortage is local, goods can be
  transported by various means to almost any
  destination.

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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Huge increase in the burning of fossil fuels
  continue to increase the carbon dioxide level in
  the atmosphere. (enhancing the green house
  effect).
• Therefore, better to use materials which requires
  less energy to produce.
• Another problem- the use of certain gases to
  manufacture various materials.(resulted in damage
  to the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere).

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EASE OF WORKING

• Another consideration when selecting materials.
• Some materials are easy to prepare on site.
• Others have to be prepare just before using.
• Yet other materials are prepared at the factory
• and delivered after manufacture.

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APPEARANCE

• Aesthetics is subjective not every person will
  agree that a given building is attractive.
• The external materials should be chosen with care
  so that the finished product appears pleasing and
  looks good in its surroundings.

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THE END