Solar%20Power

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Solar Power

• Its coming of age

Interesting factoid Solar consumes less land
per MW of electricity than either coal or hydro
dams
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CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)(These are thermal
generating plantsjust like coal, nuclear,
natural gas)create heat, boil water to get
steam, steam turns turbine, voila!
electricity)More output with higher ambient
temperatures.

• There are two types
• Parabolic Troughs and
• Power Towers

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Parabolic Troughs

• Linear parabolic mirrors focus light on a tube
• Very efficient (60) utilize salt heated to 1000
  degrees
• Insulated storage for salt
• Then hot salt boils water, steam turns turbine,
  turbine turns generator. Voila! 24 hour solar
  electricity
• also
• Natural gas boiler integrated into loop as backup

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Parabolic Trough
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Another way to view a parabolic trough
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Solar Trough farms in the US
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Solar One Parabolic Trough in Nevada 64 MW
400 acres (15,000 homes)
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Nevada Solar One Schematic Diagram
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Abengoa Solar Trough Farms

• Gila Bend AZ 280 MW CSP, the largest in the
  world (70,000 homes suppliedcovers 1900 acres),
  and a second 280 MW plant under construction near
  Barstow, CA (54,000 homes).

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Abengoa Solar, Gila BendBuilt on abandoned
farmland with exhausted water source
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Greentech Mediafor the latest in . . .well,
greentechand from National Renewable Energy
LabThermal StorageAnd the California ISO
website shows demand and renewable output.
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Solar One Power Tower in Barstow California

• 1981 the original Power Tower. Rebuilt as Solar
  Two but dead in 1999. Generated 10MW

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PS-10 Power Tower in Spain

• Mirrors focus sunlight onto a small area at top
  of 300 foot tall tower.
• Utilizes a liquid salt as a fluid to collect and
  transport heat to boil water, steam turns
  turbine, turbine turns generator, voila!
  electricity.
• Power 65,000 homes
• Integral is Sevilla PV, an integrated
  photovoltaic array that will power 1800 homes

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The PS 10, 11MW Heliostat Tower in Spain
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Hallelujah!
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Ivanpah Power Towerseastern California. 4000
acres. Towers 500 feet tall. 170,000 heliostats
(mirrors)390 MW Equals 140,000 homes
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50 million unsuccessful attempt to relocate
endangered desert tortoises. There are desert
ecosystems--no free lunches
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And then there are Streamers

• It appears Ivanpah may act as a mega-trap,
  attracting insects which in turn attract
  insect-eating birds, which are incapacitated by
  solar-flux injury, thus attracting predators and
  creating an entire food chain vulnerable to
  injury and death, concluded scientists with the
  National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory
  in a report that investigated 233 bird deaths
  representing 71 species at three Southern
  California solar power plants.
• Ivanpah employees called such immolations
  streamers, said The Atlantic.
• US Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law
  Enforcement staff observed an average of one
  streamer event every two minutes.

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Crescent Dunes CSP Salt StorageFirst of its
kind near Tonapah, NV

• 110 megawatt system
• 10 hours of salt storage

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But . . . Lets not forget Photovoltaic(Sunlight
directly into electricity)PV is more efficient
at cooler temperatures

• 12,000 MW end of 2013, 41 increase over 2012
• 36 increase from 2013 to 2014 predicted at
  midyear.
• Big investors see big, safe opportunitiesWarren
  Buffet in Agua Caliente California, 16 Billion
  green bonds so far 2014
• Solar City stock rose 200 in 2013
• Solar City model. Install homeowner PV systems
  for free, then take tax credits and a portion of
  output to pay for systems.

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And . . . . . My favorite!!!!!!!!!!!

• THERE ARE NO MOVING PARTS IN A PV SYSTEM. THESE
  BABIES JUST SIT THERE MAKING ELECTRICITY WITH
  ALMOST NO MAINTENANCE.

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Agua Caliente Solar PV Project-Mojave Desert
California. 290MWCompleted 2014
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New US Power Generation 2012, 2013. Wind crashed,
natural gas increased, solar tripled
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Gujarat India, 600MW currentlyIndia intends to
be a world leader in PV
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More Gujaratthese guys are serious!
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PV, Whos installing it?
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Geothermal EnergyThese are thermal plants

• Most common utilizes very hot water or steam.
  The Geysers in California.
• About 30 square miles active site.
• About 1000 MW continual output.

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Dry Steam and Flash SteamRequires very hot
water/steam (The Geysers Model)
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Enhanced Geothermal SystemsGot Hot Rocks?

• AltaRock Energy Inc. at Newberry Volcano near
  Bend.
• Drill one hole into hot (600 degrees F) dry rock
• Fracture rock by injecting cold water
• Drill more holes about 1500 feet away
• Pump water down original hole and out secondary
  holes. Convert to steam and use flash (direct)
  or heat exchanger/binary systems to drive steam
  turbine and generate electricity.
• October/November 2014 Stimulation tests.

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Enhanced Geothermal SystemUtilizing Hot, Dry
Bedrock
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Binary SystemUtilizes a secondary closed loop of
low boiling point substance to drive the turbine
(Probable EGS modellow water consumption.
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U.S. GeothermalNeal Hot SpringsHarney
CountyBinary System

• Utilizes hot water to boil secondary fluid in a
  heat exchanger.
• 23 MW Energy (perhaps enough for 26,000 homes)
• 136 million cost

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Neal Hot Springs Geothermal Plant
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Ground/Water Source Heat Pump Home Heating and
Cooling
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Benefits

• 50 - 70 more efficient than fossil fuel systems
• 25 - 50 less operating cost

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Drawbacks

• Costs Several Times more than other
  heating/cooling systems
• Not many installers or repair/adjustment
  companies yet

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Lets Go Swimming

• Hydropower used to mean big dams on streams.
• Now it can be Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
  or Water Turbines or Tidal Barrages or Buoys
  of one sort or another, and things anchored to
  the seafloor or Loch Ness Monster
  impersonators.
• OK, lets go swimming!

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

• As Near as I can tell there are no operating
  systems utilizing the temperature differences in
  the ocean. In theory and in demos it works, but
  the costs are so high that nobody has yet
  invested in a commercial scale site.

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In theory it is simple in practice it is wildly
expensive
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Water Turbines (like wind turbines but tiny in
comparison)

• Water is 784 times more dense than air 784
  times more energy per unit area of moving water.
• Dependabletide goes in and out on a regular
  basis. Rivers flow at a dependable rate
• Widespread possibilities.
• In reality, still in test modeproduction costs
  still very speculative.

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Tidal Turbine
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Marine Current TurbineWorlds First Commercial
Scale Tidal Turbine (Strangford Lough, N.
Ireland)1.2 MW capability (1000 homes)
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Alstom Tidal TurbineOrkney ScotlandSeveral
actually working worldwide
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Christian Science Monitor articicle Tidal
turbines New sparks of hope for green energy
from beneath the waves
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Ocean Renewable Power CompanyThis thing sits on
the bottom of a river or bay. Its a demo and
produces 150 kw of electricity as tide goes in
and out.
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Tidal Barrage SystemAdvantage is that this one
can function as a battery saving impounded
water to generate electricity later
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La Rance Tidal Barrage in France-Built 1966240MW
plant 26 efficient 62 MW output
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Sihwa Tidal Barrage, Korea, 2011256 KW
installedI couldnt find actual production
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Above the Surface

• Lots of Experimenting, no commercial examples
  yetat least none that I know of, but here are
  some of the ideas.

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Lots of Ideas
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Ocean Power Technology PB150 Powerbuoy Exists.
Potential 150 KW output 36 54 KW

• Distributing PB40 (40kw
• output) demos around
• the world for Testing.

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Columbia Power StingrayOSU developedmakes no
sense to me!
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Pelamis Wave Energy ConverterOR Loch Ness
Monster!750 KW per monster. No commercial
farms yet
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Penguin Wave EnergyStill Experimental
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Aquamarine Power Oyster Wave Power
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Finally lets save some energy withEnernet /
Cleanweb / Soft Grid

• Definition Internet-enabled efficiency
• A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights
  motion sensors ambient light sensors data
  internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption
  by 90 or more.

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Enernet or Cleanweb or Soft Grid

• Definition Internet-enabled efficiency
• A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights
  motion sensors ambient light sensors data
  internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption
  by 90 or more.
• B. Opower Company provides digital consumption
  alerts via smart phones, iPad apps, smart
  thermostats to make consumers aware of their
  energy use but also their neighbors use
  (anonymously). 85 unilities, 27 countries, 18
  million homes.

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Enernet or Cleanweb or Soft Grid

• Definition Internet-enabled efficiency
• A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights
  motion sensors ambient light sensors data
  internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption
  by 90 or more.
• B. Opower Company provides digital consumption
  alerts via smart phones, iPad apps, smart
  thermostats to make consumers aware of their
  energy use but also their neighbors use
  (anonymously). 85 unilities, 27 countries, 18
  million homes.
• C. EnerNOC Company works with 14,000 customers
  in five states. When a utility nears capacity,
  contacts customers, who then reduce consumption
  for a fee. Can curtail 30-35

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Enernet or Cleanweb or Soft Grid

• Definition Internet-enabled efficiency
• C. EnerNOC Company works with 14,000 customers
  in five states. When a utility nears capacity,
  contacts customers, who then reduce consumption
  for a fee. Can curtail 30-35
• D. Nest Labs Company sells thermostats that
  learn a house energy needs, and begins to set
  itself. At its core it is a smart phone on your
  wall. It is internet connected, so can be
  controlled remotely. It also allows devices in
  home to communicate with each other via
  internetlike CO2 detector talking with furnace.

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Google!!!!!

• And Google is buying em all. It is a great
  data collection resource, then that data can be
  used for . . . . .

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The Smart Grid

• Surfaced five years ago then faded away
• Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demo. Proj.
• Means to adjust load reduce demand
• Bondurant WyomingUtility can control private
  water heaters temporarily
• Portland General Electric 5MW battery bank can
  carry 500 homes for 20 minutes
• Flathead Electric Company (MT) Differential
  Pricing. Appliances programmed to turn on when
  price is low/not turn on when price is high (4X
  higher max).