Sustainable%20Cities

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Sustainable Cities

• Chapter 22

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22-1 What Are the Major Population Trends in
Urban Areas?

• Concept 22-1 Urbanization continues to increase
  steadily and the numbers and sizes of urban areas
  are growing rapidly, especially in developing
  countries.

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Half of the Worlds People Live in Urban Areas

• Urbanization
• The creation and growth of urban areas
• Measured as the percentage of people living in an
  urban area
• Urban growth
• The rate of increase of urban areas
• Natural increase (births over deaths)
• Immigration from rural areas

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Half of the Worlds People Live in Urban Areas

• Immigration from rural areas as a result of
• People pulled to urban areas from rural areas
• In search of jobs, food, housing, education,
  better health care, entertainment, etc.
• People pushed from rural areas to urban areas
• Poverty, lack of land for growing food, declining
  agricultural jobs, war, famine, etc.

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Half of the Worlds People Live in Urban Areas

• Four major trends
• Proportion of global population living in urban
  areas is increasing
• 30 urban in 1950, 60 urban by 2030
• Urban areas are expanding rapidly in number and
  size
• 1970 2 urban areas with population of 10
  million
• 2025 37 urban areas with population of 10
  million
• Urban growth is much slower in developed
  countries than in developing countries
• Poverty is becoming increasingly urbanized
  mostly in developing countries
• One billion people living in slums worldwide

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Half of the Worlds People Live in Urban Areas

• Megacities cities with 10 million or more
  people
• Hypercities cities with 20 million or more
  people

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Case Study Urbanization in the United States

• Four phases between 1800 and 2008 that led to
  urban population growing from 5 to 79
• Migration from rural areas to large central
  cities
• Migration from large central cities to suburbs
  and smaller cities
• Half of all urban Americans live in suburbs
• Migration from North and East to South and West
• 80 of U.S. pop. growth occurred in South and
  West
• Migration from cities and suburbs to developed
  rural areas

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Case Study Urbanization in the United States

• 8 in 10 Americans live in urban areas.
• About 48 of Americans live in consolidated
  metropolitan areas.

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Urban Sprawl Gobbles Up the Countryside

• Urban sprawl
• Growth of low density development on the edges of
  cities, thus eliminating agricultural and wild
  lands
• Contributing factors to urban sprawl in the U.S.
• Ample land to spread out
• Government loan guarantees stimulate growth
• Low-cost gasoline highways encourage vehicle use
• Tax laws encouraged home ownership
• State and local zoning laws
• Multiple political jurisdictions poor urban
  planning

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Urban Sprawl Gobbles Up the Countryside

• As they grow and sprawl outward, urban areas
  merge to form a megalopolis.
• Bowash runs from Boston, Massachusetts to
  Washington, D.C.

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Natural Capital Degradation Urban Sprawl