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The Great Awakening

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Title: The Great Awakening


1
The Great Awakening
  • Elements of the Great Awakening
  • Enthusiasmweeping, fainting, physical
    movements
  • Itinerancy--preachers roamed rural and urban
    areas and held meetings
  • Democratic religious movement
  • Insisted that all should have the religious
    experience
  • Stirred impulse towards independence among
    colonists (challenge religious authority
    eventually challenge political authority
  • Broke down strong denominational ties

2
  • Old Lights emphasized and stressed education (the
    bible as the basis of preaching)
  • New Lights emphasized and stressed emotion and
    personal experiences. (Dont have to be educated)

3
  • Content of Message
  • Salvation came through faith and prayer, not
    rituals or good works
  • The individual, not any religious authority,
    judged his or her own behavior based on one's
    understanding of God and the Bible
  • Personal piety--break away from the constraints
    of the past and start fresh. Revivals resulted in
    changed behaviors (decrease in card-playing,
    drunkenness, increase in church attendance, Bible
    study)
  • Individual revival--rejection of cold
    rationalism of Puritanism and Anglicanism and
    more reliance on the "heart" rather than the
    "head."

4
John Collet British Artist late 18th century
5
  • Revival Leaders
  • Jonathon Edwards- New England preacher of great
    intellect and power
  • George Whitefield- English preacher who visited
    most of the colonies, stirring residents with
    emotional religious appeals.
  • Gilbert Tennent- NJ preacher , traveled the
    middle colonies

6
  • Impact of the Great Awakening
  • Creation of new colleges to train "new light"
    ministers--Princeton, Brown, Rutgers(Queens
    College)
  • Divisions in denominations and a sharpening of
    the differences between those who defined
    religion as a rational process (old lights)  and
    those who focused on experience (new lights)
  • Religious challenges to authority strengthened
    political challenges to authority. Many
    Revolutionary War soldiers were "new light"
    believers, particularly Methodists,
    Presbyterians, and Baptists

7
  • Quaker revival
  • Questioned their principals, were they living up
    to them
  • A few concluded slavery was wrong
  • John Woolman of NJ spent time urging fellow
    Quakers to free their slaves

8
Growth of Colonial Assemblies
  • Following the lead of the Whigs who had
    established limits on the power of the crown with
    the Glorious Revolution, American colonial
    assemblies sought to limit royal authority and
    assert local control over
  • Taxes
  • appointment of local officials
  • setting the governor's salary

9
  • British policy of salutary neglect allowed local
    control to grow as the crown focused on trade and
    military issues. Later, when the British tried to
    re-assert the powers in mercantilist policies,
    they found strong colonial resistance.

10
  • More Literate than any other in the world.
  • The Written word
  • Most widely printed books were sermons
  • 2nd most popular were Almanacs
  • The Most Popular?
  • Poor Richards Almanac, it was published in
    Britain and France
  • Benjamin Franklin publisher
  • Newspapers tied colonies together
  • Widely read and passed hand to hand and read to
    crowds

11
Ben Franklins guide to Self Help and a better
Life
  • An investment in knowledge always pays the best
    interest.
  • Early to bed and early to rise makes a man
    healthy, wealthy, and wise.
  • He that is good for making excuses is seldom good
    for anything else.
  • If you would not be forgotten as soon as you are
    dead and rotten, either write something worth
    reading or do things worth the writing.
  • Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do
    today.
  • Three may keep a secret, if two of them are dead.
  • Those who would give up essential liberty to
    purchase a little temporary safety deserve
    neither liberty nor safety. Historical Review of
    Pennsylvania, 1759
  • Fish and visitors smell in three days. Poor
    Richard's Almanack, 1736

12
Pioneer Presses
  • Watch What You Print
  • Article printed in Newspaper attacked royal
    governor William Cosby (New York)
  • Rigging elections, accepting bribes, taking land
    unlawfully, making money on treaties with Mohawk
    Indians, being overly friendly with a known
    pirate
  • British law
  • Criticize the government, you are guilty of
    criminal libel
  • What is libel
  • Any written statement or illustration that harms
    a persons reputation
  • Case to prove or disprove libel
  • People had the right to air grievances against
    their government

13
  • What was the outcome of the Case?
  • It took 10 minutes for a jury to determine that
    the articles were true. The result of the case
    opened up more free press to speak out more
    boldly and express differing political views
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