Exploring the Dairy Industry

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Exploring the Dairy Industry

• Lesson 2

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Common Core/Next Generation Science Standards
Addressed

• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4 - Determine the
  meaning of words and phrases as they are used in
  a text, including vocabulary describing
  political, social or economic aspects of
  history/social science.
• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.9-10.2a - Introduce a
  topic and organize ideas, concepts, and
  information to make important connections and
  distinctions include formatting (e.g.,
  headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and
  multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

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Bell Work

• Name as many breeds of dairy cattle as you can?
• How many dairy products did you eat yesterday?
• How does the cows stomach differ from yours?

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Student Learning Objectives

• Identify major external parts of dairy cattle.
• Describe major internal parts of dairy cattle.
• Discuss selection of cattle to encourage herd
  improvement.
• Explain dairy marketing options.
• Explore the six major breeds of dairy cattle used
  for milking.

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Terms

• Artificial Insemination (AI)
• Beef
• Butterfat
• Cattle by-products
• Crossbreeding
• Culling
• Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI)

• Gestation
• Mammary system
• Outcrossing
• Parturition
• Purebreeding
• Reproductive system
• Testes
• Veal

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What are the major external parts of a dairy cow?
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Major external parts of a dairy cow
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What are the major internal parts of dairy cattle?

• Terms
• Digestive system
• The system that breaks down feed into energy,
  that is used for all basic life functions.
• Reproductive system
• The system used to reproduce cattle by natural,
  in vitro, and various artificial methods of
  insemination.
• Mammary system
• System that produces milk after parturition.

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Digestive System
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Reproductive System

• Male system
• Serves the purpose of producing sperm cells and
  the male sex hormones.
• Female system
• Serves the purpose of producing eggs and the
  female sex hormones estrogen progesterone.

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Mammary System

• Produces milk
• Milk contains butterfat, the butterfat is used to
  produce products like butter cheese.
• Includes
• Teats, udder, fore and rear udder attachments,
  alveoli, suspensory ligaments, mammary veins, and
  milk wells.

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Parts of the Mammary System
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How do I select cattle to improve my herd?

• Terms
• Culling
• removing animals from your herd based on a set
  criteria or other situations that may arise
• Dairy Herd Improvement Program (DHI)
• national dairy testing and record keeping program
  through which you test your herd and compare it
  with other herds
• Artificial Insemination (AI)
• a method, other than natural mating, used to
  bring the sperm in contact with eggs. Its man
  advantage is increasing the availability of
  superior genes to the heard

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How do I select cattle to improve my herd?

• Terms
• Purebreeding
• the mating of a purebred animal to another
  purebred animal
• Outcrossing
• the mating of an unrelated male and female of the
  same breed
• Crossbreeding
• mating one breed of cattle to a recognized, but a
  different breed

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How do I select cattle to improve my herd?

• Purebreeding system
• improves your herd by keeping registration papers
• become familiar with genetics
• Outcrossing system
• helps produce hybrid vigor within the breed
• Crossbreeding system
• higher production and more resistance to disease
• disadvantages
• not able to register animals
• difficult to predict what offspring may look like

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What are some of the marketing options with dairy
cattle?

• Terms
• Veal
• meat of young calves that are not used for
  replacement animals
• Beef
• meat from cattle
• Cattle by-products
• products made from various parts of the cattle

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What are some of the marketing options with dairy
cattle?Milk

• Milk can be sold for fluid consumption.
• Milk can be sold to processing plants that
  produce products like cheese and yogurt.
• Milk can be sold to a dehydration plant to make
  powdered milk for increased shelf life.
• Milk can also be sold to processing plants that
  produce protein powders and other dietary
  supplements.

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What are some of the marketing options with dairy
cattle?

• Veal
• Calves fed a specific diet to keep color of lean
  meat in carcass a light pink
• Usually under 3 months of age
• Fed a diet of milk only
• Beef
• Cows no longer profitable because of age,
  production or reproduction
• Sold for slaughter and used for beef
• Male offspring not used for breeding

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What are some of the marketing options with dairy
cattle?

• Cattle by-products
• Come from the
• carcass, fat, bones, glands, intestines, brains,
  heart, and many other places
• Examples of cattle by-product products
• cat food, dog food, medicines, marshmallows,
  cosmetics, furniture and clothing

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Interesting Dairy Facts

• Milk
• Important to economy because it is used in a
  variety of products
• Average American uses about 600 pounds of milk
  /milk products per year
• The dairy industry must produce over 150 million
  pounds of milk annually to keep up with American
  demand
• Can use bovine growth hormone (BGH) to increase
  milk production for extended periods of time
• The most numerous diary breed is the Holstein.
• New Mexico leads the nation in annual production
  per cow
• New Mexico produces 20 of the nations cheese!

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Interesting New Mexico Dairy Facts

• New Mexico has the highest production per cow
  rate in the country
• The top 3 dairy producing counties in New Mexico
  are
• Chaves
• Curry
• Roosevelt

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Explore the six major breeds of dairy cattle used
for milking.

• Objective 5

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The Six Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

• Holstein
• Ayrshire
• Brown Swiss
• Jersey
• Milking Shorthorn
• Guernsey

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Holstein

• Most popular breed
• makes up 90 of dairy cattle in the U.S.
• Came from Netherlands in 1600s
• Black white
• very large animals
• produce large average amount of milk per cow
• milk is lower in butterfat and protein

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Ayrshire

• Originated in Scotland
• Light to dark cherry red, browns, and white in
  any combination
• Polled
• Known for strong feet legs, grazing ability,
  and well-attached udders

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Brown Swiss

• Originated in the Alps of Switzerland
• Solid brown in color
• Nose tongue are black
• light-colored band around muzzle
• higher fat and protein ratio than Holstein
• Calm disposition
• At one time a dual purpose animal (meat)

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Guernsey

• Originated in the island of Guernsey
• color is mostly fawn with white markings
• smaller calves
• their milk color is golden in color because of hi
  butterfat
• popularity has declined- low production

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Jersey

• Originated in the island of Jersey
• vary in color but can be fawn, near white,
  grayish, with or without white markings
• known for udder qualities
• well shaped with strong attachments
• Low in milk production
• butterfat protein is the highest
• increasing in popularity
• small breed

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Milking Shorthorn

• Originated in England
• any combination of red and white, just red or
  just white
• very adaptable
• commonly used for beef dairy
• a fairly new breed designated as a dairy breed in
  1968

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The End!