Unit 10 Part 2

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Unit 10Part 2

• From Lenin to Stalin

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Post Civil War Russia

• 1920 After a brutal civil war Lenin turns his
  attention to governing The Soviet Union
• Government appears both democratic and
  socialisthowever
• Elected councils called Soviets are elected in
  each republic by all males over 18 (The Supreme
  Soviet in Moscow)
• Theory Political power rested with the workers!
• Reality The Communist Party used the army and
  secret police (Cheka) to force their will on the
  country
• Russians dominate all other ethnic groups

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Stalin

• Not a Russian (Georgian)
• 1922 made Secretary General of the Communist
  Party
• Lenin saw Leon Trotsky as his successor
• When Lenin dies in January of 1924 Stalin was
  able to use alliances to gain power over Trotsky
• Why? (Trotsky and World Communism)
• Trotsky is expelled in 1927 and murdered in
  Mexico in 1940
• Stalin video

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The 5 year plans

• Begun in 1928 focus was on industrial production
  at a huge cost to the peasants
• All peasants forced to give up land and livestock
  in a process called collectivization
• The plan was to export food grown on collective
  farms to pay for factories
• Wealthy peasants(Kulaks) resisted and were
  deported to Gulags in Siberia
• The army was used to enforce the policy (10
  million farmers dead) which caused a famine in
  the USSR

"We must make good distance in ten years. Either
we do it or we shall be crushed."- Joseph Stalin
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Propaganda for 5 year plans
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Men in chains in the Gulag
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Effects of the 5 year plan

• Heavy Industry only (No Consumer goods)
• Results Standard of living down
• Bad conditions, low pay, little food, delays,
  poor products
• Production only doubled (2nd 5 year plan doubled
  it again)
• Urban growth (25 million to the cities)
• Farm production also fell off
• Famine 1932-1933 due to food exports

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Political Terror

• All of these achievements came at an enormous
  price Totalitarianism (no freedom)
• Stalin used terror and propaganda
• Artists had to glorify the state
• Rewrote history of the revolution
• Murdered rivals (16 total)
• 1935-1940 The Great Purge killed more than half
  the Generals (intellectuals and writers as well)