Dawn of the Industrial Age

1
Dawn of the Industrial Age
2
A Turning Point in History

• In 1750, most people
• Worked the land using handmade tools
• Lived in simple homes using firelight candles
• Made their own clothes
• Grew their own food
• Industrial Revolution- Long, slow process in
  which production shifted from simple hand-tools
  to complex machines
• Made possible by
• A second agricultural revolution
• Population explosion
• Development of new technology

3
The New Industrial Age

• Travelers moved rapidly between countries by
  train or steamship
• New inventions scientific firsts
• Anesthetic- prevents pain during surgery
• Sewing machine
• Speed of light measured

4
Agricultural Revolution

• New methods of farming (Dutch)
• built dikes to reclaim land from the sea.
• combined smaller fields into larger ones.
• used fertilizer from livestock to renew the soil.
• British farmers expanded on Dutch experiments.
  They
• mixed different kinds of soils to get higher crop
  yields.
• tried new methods of crop rotation.
• grew turnips, which restored exhausted soil.
• invented the seed drill (to aid farmers, planted
  seeds in rows)

5
Enclosure Movement

• Enclosure- The process of taking over and fencing
  off land formerly shared by peasant farmers
• Rich landowners wanted to create larger fields
  that could be cultivated more efficiently
• Output profits increase
• But many laborers small farmers
• forced out of work

6
Population Explosion

• Britains population soared from 5 million to 9
  million from 1700-1800
• European population as a whole went from 120
  million- 190 million
• Such growth had never been seen before
• Due to declining death rates
• Ag. Rev. reduced famine ? people were healthier,
  had more children

7
New Technology

• Energy Revolution
• People began to find new sources of energy
• Water mills wind mills
• Coal ? Steam Engine powered by coal
• Improved Iron
• Coal vital for production of iron
• New method for producing iron smelt- separate
  the iron from its ore remove impurities
• Led to better quality less expensive iron

8
New Invention Assignment

• Choose ANY invention from the Industrial
  Revolution. On a white sheet of paper, you will
  tell me
• Invention Name Inventor
• Description (paragraph)
• Impact (paragraph)
• Connection to Today (paragraph)
• Colored picture of the invention
• You can use your book (pg. 496) or notes. You may
  have to do additional research on your own.
• Due Wednesday. You have class time today
  tomorrow to work on this.