The End of the War

1
The End of the War

• The Treaty of Versailles

2
M.A.I.N

• Militarism Building up of armed forces and
  weapons.
• Alliance System countries agree to back each
  other up in conflict
• Imperialism stronger countries influence weaker
  countries through PERMS.
• Nationalism Pride in ones country.

3
The War was Already Coming to an End

• Withdrew/Year
• Russia-Spring 1917
• Romania-Sept. 1918
• Bulgaria
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottomans-Oct. 1918
• Germany-Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice Day

4
The Big Five

• US
• Great Britain
• France
• Italy
• Japan
• wanted land that they didnt get. They get mad
  so they leave and are not part of the treaty

The Winners Decide the end!
5
The Big Four

• USA Woodrow Wilson
• Great Britain Prime Minister David Lloyd Georges
• France Prime Minister Clemenceau
• Italy Prime Minister Orlando

6
Frances Point of View

• Wants revenge on the Germans!!!
• Wants Germany to pay reparations (money paid to
  rebuild, care for soldiers and pensions, and lost
  resources)
• Wants to decrease the German military to prevent
  another attack
• Wants to ruin the German empire, get rid of the
  German monarchy and the German colonies. They
  want the Kaiser tried for war crimes.
• They want Alsace-Lorraine to serve as a natural
  border between France and Germany.

7
Great Britains Point of View

• Not as angry as the French
• Want Germany to decrease its navy
• Get rid of German colonies
• Secretly they want to trade with Germany and loan
  Germany money to pay back the reparations so they
  would gain interest.
• Dont want harsh measures taken because they are
  afraid of another war.

8
Italys Point of View

• Wanted land they were promised and do not get
• They leave and it becomes the Big Three
• Italy not happy

9
USAs Point of View

• 14 Points Woodrow Wilsons ideas
• Wanted to prevent future wars-suppose to have
  fixed or addressed the MAIN causes of WWI
• See handout
• All countries reduce military
• No more secret alliances
• 3. Self-determination- the right of people to
  govern themselves
• 4. Established the League of Nations
• 5. Freedom of the seas

10
Reaction from Allies to 14 Points

• Felt USA had no right to preplan the treaty since
  they were not in the war as long.
• USA wants to make peace and prevent war and they
  also will loan Germany and Allies money after the
  war

11
Treaty of Versailles

• Germany is given 3 weeks to consider and sign it
• They wanted to sign it on June 28, 1919-the
  anniversary of Archduke Ferdinands assassination
• Conditions
• Germany had to reduce their army and navy
• Had to pay 33 billion in reparation (132
  billion in marcs)
• Lost land to create Poland lost Alsace-Lorraine
• Had to take full responsibility for the war

12
USAs Reaction

• President negotiates treaty but it must be
  approved by Congress
• Congress does not ratify it because they are
  afraid we will be forced to get involved in
  another war
• The U.S. never signs the treaty and does not
  immediately join the League of Nations

13
League of Nations

• International body which would try to prevmnt war
  and promote international cooperation.
• Divided into a Council (9 countries) and an
  Assembly (the remaining countries)
• 5 Permanent members of the council
• -(US, Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan)
• Russia and Germany were not allowed to join
• -Germany joins in 1926 Russia 1934
• Breaks up during WWII and later becomes the
  United Nations

14
The War to End All Wars

• Did we do a good job preventing future wars or
  did we make WWII inevitable?

15
Map Before and After