CH 11WORLD HISTORY

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CH 11WORLD HISTORY STUDY GUIDE 2

• BASIC RIGHTS OF TOWNSPEOPLE
• 1. FREEDOM for serfs if they lived there for a
  year and a day

2. EXEMPT STATUS - from manorial
obligations Ex. Working the land, paying
rent, etc.
3. TOWN JUSTICE (courts juries) as opposed to
manor law Ex. Trial by Ordeal
4. COMMERCIAL (business) PRIVILEGES could sell
goods in the town market
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MERCHANT GUILDS
B. G U I L D S
ASSOC. OF MERCHANTS WHO CONTROLLED TRADE FOR
THE ENTIRE TOWN
ALSO A CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION, LOOKING AFTER
ITS OWN MEMBERS WHEN ILL AND PROVIDING SERVICES
FOR THE TOWN (Ex. PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT)
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CRAFT GUILDS
ASSOC. OF SKILLED WORKERS IN A PARTICULAR CRAFT
REGULATED WORKING CONDITIONS FOR MEMBERS EXS.
WAGES, HOURS, DISCIPLINED BAD WORKERS
SET HIGH STANDARDS FOR QUALITY
LOOKED AFTER ILL MEMBERS AND WIDOWS
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APPRENTICE
A BOY LEGALLY BOUND TO A MASTER FOR FROM 5
TO 9 YEARS
THE MASTER PROVIDED ROOM AND BOARD AND TAUGHT
THE TRADE
THE APPRENTICE LEARNED THE TRADE, DID ODD JOBS
AND TASKS
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JOURNEYMAN
SKILLED ARTISAN WHO JOURNEYED ABOUT, WORKING
FOR VARIOUS MASTERS - FOR A WAGE
EVENTUALLY SUBMITS A MASTERPIECE TO THE
GUILD MASTERS. IF APPROVED HE BECOMES A MASTER TOO
JOURNEYMANS PAPERS
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MASTER CRAFTSMAN
FULL MEMBER OF GUILD WHO COULD OPEN HIS OWN
SHOP
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C. Rise of the Middle Class
a. Merchants, skilled workers,etc.
gtIn England they were called Burgesses
gtGermany - Burghers
gtFrance - Bourgeoisie
All stem from the words burg or borough,
meaning town
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b. Life in Medieval Towns
9 OUT OF 10 N. EUR. TOWNS HAD FEWER THAN 2,000
RESIDENTS
EXCEPTIONS INCLUDE
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Paris, france 150,000
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London, England
40,000
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Lubeck, Germany
Most important city of the Hanseatic Trade League
10,000
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TOWNS WERE LOCATED ALONG TRADE ROUTES
ON TOPS OF HILLS
ALONG RIVERS
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MEDIEVAL HOMES
MULTIPLE STORIES DUE TO LAND BEING SCARCE
AND EXPENSIVE
GARDEZ LEAU! Look out, water!
(The Loo)
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EXAMPLES OF FINER BUILDINGS
Town Halls for city govt
GUILD HALLS
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Cathedrals
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Problems in medieval cities
Sewage, disease, fire, crime, etc.
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Why towns were interesting
Busy, interesting, merchants, plays,
entertainers, executions, jobs, etc.
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D. WHY SERFDOM DECLINED
Could sell surplus goods at town markets now
Black Death kills so many that remaining serfs
gain importance and rights Peasant revolts
some peasants fought for greater pay
rights but they were usually brutally
suppressed by the nobles
In England, growth of raising sheep meant fewer
farm hands needed, so many serfs left the manors
for the towns
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E. THE BLACK DEATH
WHAT THE PLAGUE (probably Bubonic)
WHEN BIGGEST OUTBREAK BEGAN IN A.D. 1347
BROUGHT TO ITALY FROM THE BLACK SEA AREA ON
TRADING SHIPS AND SPREAD FROM THERE
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BUBONIC PLAGUE SPREAD( mostly) BY FLEA BITES
PNUEMONIC PLAGUE WAS AIRBORNE LIKE COLDS AND
FLUS TODAY
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BURNING OF JEWS - who were blamed by many for
causing the plague
DANSE MACABRE - type of art showing plague
victims as skeletons
FLAGELLANTS religious group who scourged
themselves with whips hoping to avoid Gods
punishment
MASS DEATHS/GRAVES
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PLAGUE DOCTOR unable to do much except comfort
the sick
AS MANY AS 1/3 OF EUROPES POPULATION DIE -
AN ESTIMATED 25 MILLION PEOPLE
Some scientists today suggest the cause was an
Ebola-like virus rather than a bacteria